-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      name:  <unnamed>
       log:  C:\Users\a15014rs\Dropbox\Sexism and Candidates\Analysis\BJPS replication files\Canada_log_file.
> log
  log type:  text
 opened on:  20 Mar 2025, 11:23:43

. 
. ** Recode 2015 results to calculate distance from winner in previous election
. 
. cd "C:\Users\a15014rs\Dropbox\Sexism and Candidates\Data\Canada\"
C:\Users\a15014rs\Dropbox\Sexism and Candidates\Data\Canada

. 
. ** get winners share 2015 - from Elections Canada
. import delimited "table_tableau12.csv", clear
(10 vars, 1792 obs)

. 
. drop if majoritymajoritã==.
(1,454 observations deleted)

. keep electoraldistrictnum* percentageofvotesobtainedpourcen

. 
. rename electoraldistrictnum* districtnumber

. rename percentageofvotesobtainedpourcen winner_share

. 
. save "Canada_2015_winner_share.dta", replace
file Canada_2015_winner_share.dta saved

. 
. ** get distance and non-winning party results
. import delimited "Canada_JohnsonEtAl.csv", clear
(13 vars, 4516 obs)

. 
. drop if v1!=2015
(3,425 observations deleted)

. 
. rename v3 districtnumber

. rename v4 ndistrictname

. rename v10 party

. rename v13 distance

. 
. keep ndistrictname districtnumber party distance

. replace distance=0 if distance<0.000001
(337 real changes made)

. 
. merge m:1 districtnumber using "Canada_2015_winner_share.dta"

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                             0
    matched                             1,091  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop _merge

. 
. gen distance2 = distance*100

. drop distance 

. rename distance2 distance

. 
. gen share=winner_share-distance

. 
. saveold "Canada_constituency_data_2015_for_merge.dta", replace
(saving in Stata 13 format)
(FYI, saveold has options version(12) and version(11) that write files in older Stata formats)
file Canada_constituency_data_2015_for_merge.dta saved

. 
. ***********************************************************************************************************
> **
. 
. ** Recode 2019 results - district level for candidate characteristics and CES for individual-level
. 
. import delimited "Canada_JohnsonEtAl.csv", clear
(13 vars, 4516 obs)

. 
. keep if v1==2019
(3,086 observations deleted)

. drop v1

. 
. rename v2 prov

. rename v3 ndistrict

. rename v4 ndistrictname

. rename v5 incumbent

. rename v6 gender

. rename v10 party

. rename v12 winner

. 
. * Renaming variables and adding labels for clarity 
. label define prov_label 10 "Newfoundland and Labrador" 11 "PEI" 12 "Nova Scotia" 13 "New Brunswick" 24 "Que
> bec" 35 "Ontario" 46 "Manitoba" 47 "Saskatchewan" 48 "Alberta" 59 "British Columbia" 60 "Yukon" 61 "Northwe
> st Territories" 62 "Nunavut"

. 
. label values prov prov_label

. 
. * descriptives: female candidates
. tab gender

          gender |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
-----------------+-----------------------------------
          Female |        592       41.40       41.40
            Male |        829       57.97       99.37
Non-binary/Other |          9        0.63      100.00
-----------------+-----------------------------------
           Total |      1,430      100.00

. tab party gender, row 

+----------------+
| Key            |
|----------------|
|   frequency    |
| row percentage |
+----------------+

             |              gender
       party |    Female       Male  Non-bin.. |     Total
-------------+---------------------------------+----------
        Bloc |        35         43          0 |        78 
             |     44.87      55.13       0.00 |    100.00 
-------------+---------------------------------+----------
Conservative |       104        234          0 |       338 
             |     30.77      69.23       0.00 |    100.00 
-------------+---------------------------------+----------
       Green |       156        177          5 |       338 
             |     46.15      52.37       1.48 |    100.00 
-------------+---------------------------------+----------
     Liberal |       133        204          1 |       338 
             |     39.35      60.36       0.30 |    100.00 
-------------+---------------------------------+----------
         NDP |       164        171          3 |       338 
             |     48.52      50.59       0.89 |    100.00 
-------------+---------------------------------+----------
       Total |       592        829          9 |     1,430 
             |     41.40      57.97       0.63 |    100.00 


. tab incumbent gender, row

+----------------+
| Key            |
|----------------|
|   frequency    |
| row percentage |
+----------------+

              |              gender
    incumbent |    Female       Male  Non-bin.. |     Total
--------------+---------------------------------+----------
    Incumbent |        77        200          0 |       277 
              |     27.80      72.20       0.00 |    100.00 
--------------+---------------------------------+----------
Non-incumbent |       515        629          9 |     1,153 
              |     44.67      54.55       0.78 |    100.00 
--------------+---------------------------------+----------
        Total |       592        829          9 |     1,430 
              |     41.40      57.97       0.63 |    100.00 


. tab winner gender, row 

+----------------+
| Key            |
|----------------|
|   frequency    |
| row percentage |
+----------------+

           |              gender
    winner |    Female       Male  Non-bin.. |     Total
-----------+---------------------------------+----------
  Defeated |       497        587          9 |     1,093 
           |     45.47      53.71       0.82 |    100.00 
-----------+---------------------------------+----------
   Elected |        95        242          0 |       337 
           |     28.19      71.81       0.00 |    100.00 
-----------+---------------------------------+----------
     Total |       592        829          9 |     1,430 
           |     41.40      57.97       0.63 |    100.00 


. 
. encode gender, gen(gender2)

. drop gender

. rename gender2 gender

. 
. * create a fake districtnumber variable to check the joining
. gen ndistrict_temp = ndistrict

.          
. sort ndistrict

. 
. saveold "canada_candidates_edited.dta", replace
(saving in Stata 13 format)
(FYI, saveold has options version(12) and version(11) that write files in older Stata formats)
file canada_candidates_edited.dta saved

. 
. /** measure of distance from winner in the previous election - 2015 **/
. rename ndistrict districtnumber

. merge 1:1 districtnumber party using "Canada_constituency_data_2015_for_merge.dta"

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                           339
        from master                       339  (_merge==1)
        from using                          0  (_merge==2)

    matched                             1,091  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. 
. /** distance = median if party ran in 2019 but not in 2015 **/
. tabstat distance if winner_share!=0, stats(median)

    variable |       p50
-------------+----------
    distance |      13.6
------------------------

. replace distance = 13.6 if distance==.
(339 real changes made)

. gen distance2 = distance/100

. drop distance

. rename distance2 distance

. 
. /*share = 0 if did not stand at previous election*/
. replace share=0 if share==.
(339 real changes made)

. 
. drop _merge

. 
. saveold "canada_candidates_edited.dta", replace
(saving in Stata 13 format)
(FYI, saveold has options version(12) and version(11) that write files in older Stata formats)
file canada_candidates_edited.dta saved

. 
. * Merge the candidate and voter data 
. 
. use "2019CES-online.dta", clear 
( )

. rename constituencynumber districtnumber

. 
. gen id=_n

. 
. sort districtnumber

. 
. joinby districtnumber using "canada_candidates_edited.dta"

. 
. ** drop respondents only in the pre-election wave
. drop if pes19_panel==""
(114,932 observations deleted)

. 
. save "Canada_data.dta", replace
file Canada_data.dta saved

. 
. ***********************************************************************************************************
> *********
. 
. ** Analysis
. 
. use "Canada_data.dta", clear
( )

. 
. * Create variable for women races
. drop if gender==3
(269 observations deleted)

. fre gender

gender
--------------------------------------------------------------
                 |      Freq.    Percent      Valid       Cum.
-----------------+--------------------------------------------
Valid   1 Female |      17522      41.54      41.54      41.54
        2 Male   |      24662      58.46      58.46     100.00
        Total    |      42184     100.00     100.00           
--------------------------------------------------------------

. egen women_race = min(gender), by(ndistrictname)

. egen women_only = max(gender), by(ndistrictname)

. gen sample_races=1 if women_race==1&women_only==2
(5,142 missing values generated)

. replace sample_races=0 if sample_races==.
(5,142 real changes made)

. 
. codebook ndistrictname if sample_races==1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ndistrictname                                                                                     (unlabeled)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                  type:  string (str61)

         unique values:  300                      missing "":  0/37,042

              examples:  "Churchill--Keewatinook Aski"
                         "Kildonan--St. Paul"
                         "Oakville"
                         "Sherwood Park--Fort Saskatchewan"

               warning:  variable has embedded blanks

. **all-women races
. codebook ndistrictname if women_race==2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ndistrictname                                                                                     (unlabeled)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                  type:  string (str61), but longest is str50

         unique values:  32                       missing "":  0/4,183

              examples:  "Cypress Hills--Grasslands"
                         "Kitchener Centre"
                         "Mount Royal"
                         "Pierre-Boucher--Les Patriotes--VerchÃ¨res"

               warning:  variable has embedded blanks

. **all-male races
. codebook ndistrictname if women_only==1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ndistrictname                                                                                     (unlabeled)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                  type:  string (str61), but longest is str18

         unique values:  6                        missing "":  0/959

            tabulation:  Freq.  Value
                            76  "Etobicoke North"
                           144  "Haldimand--Norfolk"
                           144  "Kanata--Carleton"
                           147  "Lethbridge"
                           168  "London West"
                           280  "Ottawa Centre"

               warning:  variable has embedded blanks

. 
. ** Sexism measures
. gen appreciate = pes19_hostile1
(20,621 missing values generated)

. gen control = pes19_hostile2
(20,621 missing values generated)

. gen innocent = pes19_benevolent3
(20,621 missing values generated)

. gen cherished = pes19_benevolent1
(20,621 missing values generated)

. gen purity = pes19_benevolent2
(20,621 missing values generated)

. gen pedestal = pes19_benevolent3
(20,621 missing values generated)

. 
. * remove the DK 
. foreach x in appreciate control innocent cherished purity pedestal {
  2. recode `x' 6 = .
  3. }
(appreciate: 580 changes made)
(control: 550 changes made)
(innocent: 720 changes made)
(cherished: 429 changes made)
(purity: 1118 changes made)
(pedestal: 720 changes made)

. 
. * scale to range - 2 to +2 (positive values = high in sexism)
. recode appreciate 1=-2 2=-1 3=0 4=1 5=2
(appreciate: 20983 changes made)

. recode control   1=-2 2=-1 3=0 4=1 5=2
(control: 21013 changes made)

. recode innocent   1=-2 2=-1 3=0 4=1 5=2
(innocent: 20843 changes made)

. recode cherished   1=-2 2=-1 3=0 4=1 5=2
(cherished: 21134 changes made)

. recode purity   1=-2 2=-1 3=0 4=1 5=2
(purity: 20445 changes made)

. recode pedestal   1=-2 2=-1 3=0 4=1 5=2
(pedestal: 20843 changes made)

. 
. * Create scales
. * rowtotal 
. egen hostile = rowtotal(innocent control appreciate), missing
(20793 missing values generated)

. egen benevolent = rowtotal(cherished purity pedestal), missing
(20802 missing values generated)

. pwcorr hostile benevolent

             |  hostile benevo~t
-------------+------------------
     hostile |   1.0000 
  benevolent |   0.6713   1.0000 

. 
. * Recode -1 to +1 
. gen hostile_rescale = hostile / 6
(20,793 missing values generated)

. gen benevolent_rescale = benevolent/ 6
(20,802 missing values generated)

. 
. gen hostile_rescale2 = hostile_rescale+1
(20,793 missing values generated)

. gen benevolent_rescale2 = benevolent_rescale+1
(20,802 missing values generated)

. 
. ** respondents missing on sexism items
. codebook id if hostile_rescale2!=.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
id                                                                                                (unlabeled)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                  type:  numeric (float)

                 range:  [80,37816]                   units:  1
         unique values:  5,180                    missing .:  0/21,391

                  mean:   17815.9
              std. dev:   11710.9

           percentiles:        10%       25%       50%       75%       90%
                              2471      6505     17182     28491     34222

. codebook id if pes19_hostile1!=.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
id                                                                                                (unlabeled)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                  type:  numeric (float)

                 range:  [80,37816]                   units:  1
         unique values:  5,222                    missing .:  0/21,563

                  mean:   17815.7
              std. dev:   11704.3

           percentiles:        10%       25%       50%       75%       90%
                              2476      6508     17171     28491     34212

. 
. gen nothostile=1 if hostile_rescale<0
(29,132 missing values generated)

. replace nothostile=0 if hostile_rescale>=0
(29,132 real changes made)

. gen hostile2=1 if hostile_rescale>0
(16,546 missing values generated)

. replace hostile2=0 if hostile_rescale<=0
(16,546 real changes made)

. 
. 
. ** Restrict sample to voters
. gen voted=1 if pes19_turnout2019==1|pes19_turnout2019_v2==1
(3,205 missing values generated)

. replace voted=0 if pes19_turnout2019==2| ///
>         pes19_turnout2019==5|pes19_turnout2019==6|pes19_turnout2019_v2==2
(3,020 real changes made)

. *keep if pes19_turnout2019==1|pes19_turnout2019_v2==1
. 
. ** Party identifier indicator
. gen nonpartisan=1 if pes19_pid_close==2|pes19_pidtrad==8
(28,719 missing values generated)

. replace nonpartisan=0 if nonpartisan!=1
(28,719 real changes made)

. replace nonpartisan=. if pes19_pid_close==3|pes19_pidtrad==9
(2,295 real changes made, 2,295 to missing)

. 
. ** Party
. gen party_candidate=1 if party=="Liberal"
(32,003 missing values generated)

. replace party_candidate=2 if party=="Conservative"
(10,210 real changes made)

. replace party_candidate=3 if party=="NDP"
(10,124 real changes made)

. replace party_candidate=4 if party=="Bloc"
(1,613 real changes made)

. replace party_candidate=5 if party=="Green"
(10,056 real changes made)

. label define partylab 1 "Liberal" 2 "Conservative" 3 "NDP" 4 "Bloc" 5 "Green"

. label values party_candidate partylab

. 
. ** respondent gender
. gen female=1 if cps19_gender==2
(20,418 missing values generated)

. replace female=0 if cps19_gender==1
(20,188 real changes made)

. label define femlab 0 "men" 1 "women"

. label values female femlab

. 
. ** Binary sexism variable
. gen hostile_sexist_binary=1 if hostile_rescale>0&hostile_rescale!=.
(37,339 missing values generated)

. replace hostile_sexist_binary=0 if hostile_rescale<=0
(16,546 real changes made)

. 
. ** Reverse code candidate gender
. gen gender2=1 if gender==1
(24,662 missing values generated)

. replace gender2=0 if gender==2
(24,662 real changes made)

. replace gender2=. if gender==3
(0 real changes made)

. drop gender

. rename gender2 gender

. label define genderlab 0 "male candidate" 1 "female candidate"

. label values gender genderlab

. 
. ** Generate numerical variables
. encode incumbent, gen(incumbent2)

. codebook incumbent2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
incumbent2                                                                                        (unlabeled)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                  type:  numeric (long)
                 label:  incumbent2

                 range:  [1,2]                        units:  1
         unique values:  2                        missing .:  0/42,184

            tabulation:  Freq.   Numeric  Label
                         8,330         1  Incumbent
                        33,854         2  Non-incumbent

. drop incumbent

. rename incumbent2 incumbent

. 
. ** Vote choice (excludes non-voters)
. gen vote_choice = 1 if pes19_votechoice2019==1&party=="Liberal"
(39,288 missing values generated)

. replace vote_choice = 1 if pes19_votechoice2019==2&party=="Conservative"| ///
>         pes19_votechoice2019==3&party=="NDP"| ///
>         pes19_votechoice2019==4&party=="Bloc"| ///
>         pes19_votechoice2019==5&party=="Green"
(4,977 real changes made)

. replace vote_choice=0 if vote_choice==.
(34,311 real changes made)

. replace vote_choice=. if pes19_votechoice2019==8|pes19_votechoice2019==9|pes19_turnout2019>=2&pes19_turnout
> 2019<=8| ///
>         pes19_turnout2019_v2>=2&pes19_turnout2019_v2<=4
(4,923 real changes made, 4,923 to missing)

. 
. gen fullsample=1 if vote_choice!=.&gender!=.&hostile_rescale!=.&female!=.&party_candidate!=.&incumbent!=.&d
> istance!=.&hostile_rescale!=.& ///
>         sample_races==1
(25,704 missing values generated)

. replace fullsample=0 if fullsample!=1
(25,704 real changes made)

. 
. codebook pes19_ResponseId if pes19_votechoice2019!=.&hostile_rescale2!=.&sample_races==1&gender!=.&female!=
> .&party_candidate!=.&incumbent!=.& ///
>         distance!=.&vote_choice!=.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
pes19_ResponseId                                                                                  Response ID
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                  type:  string (str17)

         unique values:  3,571                    missing "":  0/14,815

              examples:  "R_1n2XpnaS3AIMBAB"
                         "R_2bQno7zx9Zxd8jZ"
                         "R_3NX24kA61OzKuki"
                         "R_DUjTnv2hsFK5ws1"

. 
. 
. save "Canada_data_recoded.dta", replace
file Canada_data_recoded.dta saved

. 
. ** identify respondents with all zeros on vote choice dependent var
. clogit vote_choice i.gender [pw=pes19_weight_general_all] if fullsample==1&sample_races==1, group(pes19_Res
> ponseId) or
note: 484 groups (1,975 obs) dropped because of all positive or
      all negative outcomes.

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -4862.8859  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -4862.1767  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -4862.1767  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =     14,477
                                                Wald chi2(1)      =      41.22
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -4862.1767               Pseudo R2         =     0.0068

                            (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on pes19_ResponseId)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  |               Robust
      vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           gender |
female candidate  |   .7370326   .0350253    -6.42   0.000     .6714843    .8089796
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. gen wanted=e(sample)

. tab wanted

     wanted |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
          0 |     27,707       65.68       65.68
          1 |     14,477       34.32      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |     42,184      100.00

. 
. ** Keep analytical sample
. keep if wanted==1
(27,707 observations deleted)

. 
. ** sample size
. codebook pes19_ResponseId

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
pes19_ResponseId                                                                                  Response ID
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                  type:  string (str17)

         unique values:  3,488                    missing "":  0/14,477

              examples:  "R_1n3F8YO34965fFL"
                         "R_2bUhTBqGcHXEN4c"
                         "R_3NUN1TTuGhcL93E"
                         "R_DbCRoC4KpVKbi1P"

. 
. ** scale reliability for analytical sample
. alpha appreciate control innocent

Test scale = mean(unstandardized items)

Average interitem covariance:     .5794198
Number of items in the scale:            3
Scale reliability coefficient:      0.6822

. 
. ** graph scheme
. set scheme cleanplots

. 
. ** Models
. ** Voting for female candidates - with and without controls
. * note - set the baseline for party at conservative to align with US and UK for tables 
. 
. cd "C:\Users\a15014rs\Dropbox\Sexism and Candidates\"
C:\Users\a15014rs\Dropbox\Sexism and Candidates

. 
. set more off

. quietly clogit vote_choice i.gender [pw=pes19_weight_general_all] if fullsample==1&sample_races==1, group(p
> es19_ResponseId) or

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Table 6 Canada.doc", replace se or

                                          -------------------------
                                                      vote_choice 
                                          -------------------------
                                           1.gender      0.737    
                                                       (0.035)**  
                                           N            14,477    
                                          -------------------------
                                             * p<0.05; ** p<0.01


. margins, dydx(gender) post

Conditional marginal effects                    Number of obs     =     14,477
Model VCE    : Robust

Expression   : Pr(vote_choice|fixed effect is 0), predict(pu0)
dy/dx w.r.t. : 1.gender

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  |            Delta-method
                  |      dy/dx   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           gender |
female candidate  |  -.0756944   .0116082    -6.52   0.000    -.0984461   -.0529427
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: dy/dx for factor levels is the discrete change from the base level.

. est store model_1

. clogit vote_choice i.gender ib2.party_candidate i.incumbent c.distance [pw=pes19_weight_general_all] ///
>         if fullsample==1&sample_races==1, group(pes19_ResponseId) or

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -4277.7981  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -4216.9126  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -4216.5537  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -4216.5537  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =     14,477
                                                Wald chi2(7)      =     670.59
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -4216.5537               Pseudo R2         =     0.1387

                            (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on pes19_ResponseId)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  |               Robust
      vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           gender |
female candidate  |   .9459417   .0504998    -1.04   0.298     .8519662    1.050283
                  |
  party_candidate |
         Liberal  |   .8285464   .0475722    -3.28   0.001     .7403616    .9272349
             NDP  |   .7083437   .0499419    -4.89   0.000     .6169214    .8133139
            Bloc  |    1.80644   .2159052     4.95   0.000     1.429184    2.283278
           Green  |   .2194038   .0210316   -15.82   0.000     .1818233    .2647517
                  |
        incumbent |
   Non-incumbent  |   .8781506   .0645065    -1.77   0.077        .7604    1.014135
         distance |   .0948686   .0218764   -10.21   0.000     .0603723    .1490759
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Table 6 Canada.doc", merge se or

                              -------------------------------------------------
                                                     vote_choice  vote_choice 
                              -------------------------------------------------
                               1.gender                 0.737        0.946    
                                                      (0.035)**     (0.050)   
                               1bn.party_candidate                   0.829    
                                                                   (0.048)**  
                               3.party_candidate                     0.708    
                                                                   (0.050)**  
                               4.party_candidate                     1.806    
                                                                   (0.216)**  
                               5.party_candidate                     0.219    
                                                                   (0.021)**  
                               2.incumbent                           0.878    
                                                                    (0.065)   
                               distance                              0.095    
                                                                   (0.022)**  
                               N                       14,477       14,477    
                              -------------------------------------------------
                                             * p<0.05; ** p<0.01


. margins, dydx(gender) post

Average marginal effects                        Number of obs     =     14,477
Model VCE    : Robust

Expression   : Pr(vote_choice|fixed effect is 0), predict(pu0)
dy/dx w.r.t. : 1.gender

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  |            Delta-method
                  |      dy/dx   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           gender |
female candidate  |  -.0104992   .0100636    -1.04   0.297    -.0302235    .0092251
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: dy/dx for factor levels is the discrete change from the base level.

. est store model_2

. coefplot (model_1, label("M1 - Without controls")) (model_2, label("M2 - With controls")), title("Canada") 
> ///
>         ytitle("AME voting for female candidate") ylabel("") xline(0) saving("Output\BJPS resubmission\Cana
> da_table6", replace)
(file Output\BJPS resubmission\Canada_table6.gph saved)

. 
. 
. ** Voting for female candidates by hostile sexism (controlling for sexism*party)
. clogit vote_choice i.gender##c.hostile_rescale2 ib2.party_candidate i.incumbent c.distance ///
>         [pw=pes19_weight_general_all] if fullsample==1&sample_races==1, group(pes19_ResponseId) or
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of no within-group variance.

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood =  -4275.821  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -4215.3392  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood =  -4214.978  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -4214.9779  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =     14,477
                                                Wald chi2(8)      =     670.36
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -4214.9779               Pseudo R2         =     0.1390

                                    (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on pes19_ResponseId)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                          |               Robust
              vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                   gender |
        female candidate  |   1.067871   .1084692     0.65   0.518     .8751005    1.303106
         hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                          |
gender#c.hostile_rescale2 |
        female candidate  |   .8599734   .0974388    -1.33   0.183     .6887159    1.073816
                          |
          party_candidate |
                 Liberal  |   .8284705    .047635    -3.27   0.001     .7401761    .9272974
                     NDP  |   .7063857   .0498411    -4.93   0.000     .6151527    .8111494
                    Bloc  |   1.805053   .2158938     4.94   0.000     1.427848    2.281908
                   Green  |   .2190695   .0210314   -15.82   0.000     .1814946    .2644236
                          |
                incumbent |
           Non-incumbent  |   .8782293   .0645005    -1.77   0.077     .7604881      1.0142
                 distance |   .0954012   .0219995   -10.19   0.000     .0607109    .1499136
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Table 7 Canada.doc", replace se or ctitles("", " c. gender*sexism") 
> starlevels(10 5 1)

                             --------------------------------------------------
                                                             c. gender*sexism 
                             --------------------------------------------------
                              1.gender                            1.068       
                                                                 (0.108)      
                              1.gender#c.hostile_rescale2         0.860       
                                                                 (0.097)      
                              1bn.party_candidate                 0.828       
                                                               (0.048)***     
                              3.party_candidate                   0.706       
                                                               (0.050)***     
                              4.party_candidate                   1.805       
                                                               (0.216)***     
                              5.party_candidate                   0.219       
                                                               (0.021)***     
                              2.incumbent                         0.878       
                                                                (0.065)*      
                              distance                            0.095       
                                                               (0.022)***     
                              N                                  14,477       
                             --------------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. clogit vote_choice i.gender##c.hostile_rescale2 ib2.party_candidate##c.hostile_rescale2 i.incumbent c.dista
> nce ///
>         [pw=pes19_weight_general_all] if fullsample==1&sample_races==1, group(pes19_ResponseId) or
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of collinearity
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of no within-group variance.

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -4230.1297  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -4152.9098  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -4152.1864  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -4152.1861  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =     14,477
                                                Wald chi2(12)     =     712.64
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -4152.1861               Pseudo R2         =     0.1518

                                             (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on pes19_ResponseId)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                   |               Robust
                       vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                            gender |
                 female candidate  |   .9439253   .0964824    -0.56   0.572     .7725612      1.1533
                  hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                   |
         gender#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                 female candidate  |   .9885039    .115105    -0.10   0.921     .7867946    1.241925
                                   |
                   party_candidate |
                          Liberal  |   1.735832   .1887726     5.07   0.000     1.402617    2.148208
                              NDP  |   1.676583   .2334573     3.71   0.000     1.276142     2.20268
                             Bloc  |   2.689891   .7440019     3.58   0.000     1.564225    4.625622
                            Green  |   .4713887    .080342    -4.41   0.000     .3375228    .6583475
                                   |
                  hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                   |
party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                          Liberal  |   .4069946   .0494526    -7.40   0.000     .3207465    .5164348
                              NDP  |   .3472662   .0576687    -6.37   0.000     .2507887    .4808582
                             Bloc  |   .6223176   .1844493    -1.60   0.110     .3481157    1.112501
                            Green  |   .3909677   .0840964    -4.37   0.000     .2564773    .5959815
                                   |
                         incumbent |
                    Non-incumbent  |   .8923898   .0664014    -1.53   0.126     .7712904    1.032503
                          distance |   .0893875   .0208431   -10.36   0.000     .0565974    .1411748
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Table 7 Canada.doc", merge se or ctitles("", " c. gender*sexism") st
> arlevels(10 5 1)

              --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                         c. gender*sexism   c. gender*sexism 
              --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               1.gender                                       1.068              0.944       
                                                             (0.108)            (0.096)      
               1.gender#c.hostile_rescale2                    0.860              0.989       
                                                             (0.097)            (0.115)      
               1bn.party_candidate                            0.828              1.736       
                                                           (0.048)***         (0.189)***     
               3.party_candidate                              0.706              1.677       
                                                           (0.050)***         (0.233)***     
               4.party_candidate                              1.805              2.690       
                                                           (0.216)***         (0.744)***     
               5.party_candidate                              0.219              0.471       
                                                           (0.021)***         (0.080)***     
               2.incumbent                                    0.878              0.892       
                                                            (0.065)*            (0.066)      
               distance                                       0.095              0.089       
                                                           (0.022)***         (0.021)***     
               1bn.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2                            0.407       
                                                                              (0.049)***     
               3.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2                              0.347       
                                                                              (0.058)***     
               4.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2                              0.622       
                                                                                (0.184)      
               5.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2                              0.391       
                                                                              (0.084)***     
               N                                             14,477             14,477       
              --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. 
. ** Robustness checks
. * men and women
. clogit vote_choice i.gender##c.hostile_rescale2 ib2.party_candidate##c.hostile_rescale2 i.incumbent c.dista
> nce ///
>         [pw=pes19_weight_general_all] if fullsample==1&sample_races==1&female==1, group(pes19_ResponseId) o
> r
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of collinearity
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of no within-group variance.

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -2177.4798  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -2140.9408  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -2140.6391  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood =  -2140.639  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =      7,370
                                                Wald chi2(12)     =     358.73
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood =  -2140.639               Pseudo R2         =     0.1328

                                             (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on pes19_ResponseId)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                   |               Robust
                       vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                            gender |
                 female candidate  |   .8527094    .112825    -1.20   0.228     .6579238    1.105163
                  hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                   |
         gender#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                 female candidate  |    1.18065   .1990122     0.99   0.325     .8484799    1.642862
                                   |
                   party_candidate |
                          Liberal  |   1.777108   .2565752     3.98   0.000     1.339118    2.358351
                              NDP  |   1.841492   .3248742     3.46   0.001     1.303172    2.602184
                             Bloc  |   3.209625   1.262955     2.96   0.003     1.484277    6.940544
                            Green  |   .4669886     .10424    -3.41   0.001      .301511    .7232849
                                   |
                  hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                   |
party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                          Liberal  |   .4145283   .0750946    -4.86   0.000     .2906386    .5912281
                              NDP  |    .429646   .0947118    -3.83   0.000     .2789142    .6618368
                             Bloc  |   .4720094   .2183475    -1.62   0.105     .1906304    1.168717
                            Green  |   .5382311   .1648734    -2.02   0.043     .2952738    .9810989
                                   |
                         incumbent |
                    Non-incumbent  |   .8100675   .0845767    -2.02   0.044      .660161    .9940143
                          distance |   .0949714   .0306461    -7.30   0.000      .050457    .1787578
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Robustness checks\gender Canada.doc", replace se or ctitles("", " c.
>  gender*sexism") starlevels(10 5 1)

                        -------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                   c. gender*sexism 
                        -------------------------------------------------------------
                         1.gender                                       0.853       
                                                                       (0.113)      
                         1.gender#c.hostile_rescale2                    1.181       
                                                                       (0.199)      
                         1bn.party_candidate                            1.777       
                                                                     (0.257)***     
                         3.party_candidate                              1.841       
                                                                     (0.325)***     
                         4.party_candidate                              3.210       
                                                                     (1.263)***     
                         5.party_candidate                              0.467       
                                                                     (0.104)***     
                         1bn.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2         0.415       
                                                                     (0.075)***     
                         3.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2           0.430       
                                                                     (0.095)***     
                         4.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2           0.472       
                                                                       (0.218)      
                         5.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2           0.538       
                                                                      (0.165)**     
                         2.incumbent                                    0.810       
                                                                      (0.085)**     
                         distance                                       0.095       
                                                                     (0.031)***     
                         N                                              7,370       
                        -------------------------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. clogit vote_choice i.gender##c.hostile_rescale2 ib2.party_candidate##c.hostile_rescale2 i.incumbent c.dista
> nce ///
>         [pw=pes19_weight_general_all] if fullsample==1&sample_races==1&female==0, group(pes19_ResponseId) o
> r
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of collinearity
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of no within-group variance.

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -2031.0771  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -1991.3619  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -1990.8436  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -1990.8433  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -1990.8433  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =      7,107
                                                Wald chi2(12)     =     393.48
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -1990.8433               Pseudo R2         =     0.1798

                                             (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on pes19_ResponseId)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                   |               Robust
                       vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                            gender |
                 female candidate  |   1.120907   .1874442     0.68   0.495     .8076576    1.555651
                  hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                   |
         gender#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                 female candidate  |   .8053351    .141176    -1.24   0.217     .5711632    1.135515
                                   |
                   party_candidate |
                          Liberal  |   1.613464   .2776854     2.78   0.005     1.151498    2.260765
                              NDP  |   1.259248   .3026762     0.96   0.338     .7861663    2.017012
                             Bloc  |   2.394411   .9043564     2.31   0.021     1.142101    5.019876
                            Green  |   .4600216   .1256096    -2.84   0.004     .2693743    .7855976
                                   |
                  hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                   |
party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                          Liberal  |   .4169483   .0719356    -5.07   0.000     .2973209     .584708
                              NDP  |   .3589777   .0980208    -3.75   0.000     .2102046    .6130455
                             Bloc  |   .7008719   .2688644    -0.93   0.354     .3304499    1.486523
                            Green  |    .304894   .0946332    -3.83   0.000     .1659405     .560203
                                   |
                         incumbent |
                    Non-incumbent  |   .9879196   .1062274    -0.11   0.910     .8001935    1.219686
                          distance |   .0755506   .0259625    -7.52   0.000     .0385236    .1481659
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Robustness checks\gender Canada.doc", merge se or ctitles("", " c. g
> ender*sexism") starlevels(10 5 1)

              --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                         c. gender*sexism   c. gender*sexism 
              --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               1.gender                                       0.853              1.121       
                                                             (0.113)            (0.187)      
               1.gender#c.hostile_rescale2                    1.181              0.805       
                                                             (0.199)            (0.141)      
               1bn.party_candidate                            1.777              1.613       
                                                           (0.257)***         (0.278)***     
               3.party_candidate                              1.841              1.259       
                                                           (0.325)***           (0.303)      
               4.party_candidate                              3.210              2.394       
                                                           (1.263)***          (0.904)**     
               5.party_candidate                              0.467              0.460       
                                                           (0.104)***         (0.126)***     
               1bn.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2         0.415              0.417       
                                                           (0.075)***         (0.072)***     
               3.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2           0.430              0.359       
                                                           (0.095)***         (0.098)***     
               4.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2           0.472              0.701       
                                                             (0.218)            (0.269)      
               5.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2           0.538              0.305       
                                                            (0.165)**         (0.095)***     
               2.incumbent                                    0.810              0.988       
                                                            (0.085)**           (0.106)      
               distance                                       0.095              0.076       
                                                           (0.031)***         (0.026)***     
               N                                              7,370              7,107       
              --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. 
. * for partisans and non partisans 
. clogit vote_choice i.gender##c.hostile_rescale2 ib2.party_candidate##c.hostile_rescale2 i.incumbent c.dista
> nce ///
>         [pw=pes19_weight_general_all] if fullsample==1&sample_races==1&nonpartisan==0, group(pes19_Response
> Id) or
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of collinearity
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of no within-group variance.

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood =  -2659.019  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -2599.6915  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -2598.8947  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -2598.8942  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -2598.8942  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =      9,609
                                                Wald chi2(12)     =     530.72
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -2598.8942               Pseudo R2         =     0.1754

                                             (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on pes19_ResponseId)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                   |               Robust
                       vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                            gender |
                 female candidate  |   1.040556   .1251056     0.33   0.741     .8221022    1.317058
                  hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                   |
         gender#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                 female candidate  |   .9174559   .1292361    -0.61   0.541     .6961165    1.209173
                                   |
                   party_candidate |
                          Liberal  |   1.590682   .2034806     3.63   0.000     1.237933    2.043945
                              NDP  |   1.832758   .2977616     3.73   0.000     1.332949    2.519978
                             Bloc  |   1.728818   .5358052     1.77   0.077     .9417598    3.173647
                            Green  |   .4109654    .097133    -3.76   0.000     .2585955    .6531147
                                   |
                  hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                   |
party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                          Liberal  |   .4668336   .0677712    -5.25   0.000     .3512298    .6204872
                              NDP  |   .3060512   .0606219    -5.98   0.000     .2075822    .4512302
                             Bloc  |   .8103617    .268563    -0.63   0.526     .4232346    1.551589
                            Green  |    .419628   .1336682    -2.73   0.006      .224762    .7834403
                                   |
                         incumbent |
                    Non-incumbent  |   .8565666    .077222    -1.72   0.086      .717832    1.022114
                          distance |   .0586419    .017117    -9.72   0.000     .0330942    .1039119
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Robustness checks\partisanship Canada.doc", replace se or ctitles(""
> , "partisans") starlevels(10 5 1)

                           ------------------------------------------------------
                                                                     partisans  
                           ------------------------------------------------------
                            1.gender                                   1.041    
                                                                      (0.125)   
                            1.gender#c.hostile_rescale2                0.917    
                                                                      (0.129)   
                            1bn.party_candidate                        1.591    
                                                                     (0.203)*** 
                            3.party_candidate                          1.833    
                                                                     (0.298)*** 
                            4.party_candidate                          1.729    
                                                                      (0.536)*  
                            5.party_candidate                          0.411    
                                                                     (0.097)*** 
                            1bn.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2     0.467    
                                                                     (0.068)*** 
                            3.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2       0.306    
                                                                     (0.061)*** 
                            4.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2       0.810    
                                                                      (0.269)   
                            5.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2       0.420    
                                                                     (0.134)*** 
                            2.incumbent                                0.857    
                                                                      (0.077)*  
                            distance                                   0.059    
                                                                     (0.017)*** 
                            N                                          9,609    
                           ------------------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. clogit vote_choice i.gender##c.hostile_rescale2 ib2.party_candidate##c.hostile_rescale2 i.incumbent c.dista
> nce ///
>         [pw=pes19_weight_general_all] if fullsample==1&sample_races==1&nonpartisan==1, group(pes19_Response
> Id) or
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of collinearity
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of no within-group variance.

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -1342.4713  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -1322.0326  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood =  -1321.893  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -1321.8929  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =      4,357
                                                Wald chi2(12)     =     210.51
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -1321.8929               Pseudo R2         =     0.1400

                                             (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on pes19_ResponseId)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                   |               Robust
                       vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                            gender |
                 female candidate  |   .8493341   .1624931    -0.85   0.393     .5837517    1.235745
                  hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                   |
         gender#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                 female candidate  |   1.009934   .2158973     0.05   0.963     .6642452    1.535527
                                   |
                   party_candidate |
                          Liberal  |    1.85279   .3923721     2.91   0.004     1.223388    2.806004
                              NDP  |   1.309858    .358414     0.99   0.324     .7661461    2.239427
                             Bloc  |   4.841854   2.275572     3.36   0.001     1.927367    12.16351
                            Green  |   .6076543   .1569419    -1.93   0.054     .3662795    1.008093
                                   |
                  hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                   |
party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                          Liberal  |   .3132902   .0727241    -5.00   0.000      .198773    .4937834
                              NDP  |   .4408184   .1381309    -2.61   0.009     .2385255    .8146755
                             Bloc  |   .4473506   .2343704    -1.54   0.125     .1602127    1.249105
                            Green  |   .3140227   .0871779    -4.17   0.000      .182244    .5410891
                                   |
                         incumbent |
                    Non-incumbent  |   .8660223   .1225968    -1.02   0.310     .6561912    1.142952
                          distance |   .2289332   .0928752    -3.63   0.000     .1033683    .5070257
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Robustness checks\partisanship Canada.doc", merge se or ctitles("", 
> "non partisans") starlevels(10 5 1)

                    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                              partisans   non partisans 
                    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
                     1.gender                                   1.041         0.849     
                                                               (0.125)       (0.162)    
                     1.gender#c.hostile_rescale2                0.917         1.010     
                                                               (0.129)       (0.216)    
                     1bn.party_candidate                        1.591         1.853     
                                                              (0.203)***   (0.392)***   
                     3.party_candidate                          1.833         1.310     
                                                              (0.298)***     (0.358)    
                     4.party_candidate                          1.729         4.842     
                                                               (0.536)*    (2.276)***   
                     5.party_candidate                          0.411         0.608     
                                                              (0.097)***    (0.157)*    
                     1bn.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2     0.467         0.313     
                                                              (0.068)***   (0.073)***   
                     3.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2       0.306         0.441     
                                                              (0.061)***   (0.138)***   
                     4.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2       0.810         0.447     
                                                               (0.269)       (0.234)    
                     5.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2       0.420         0.314     
                                                              (0.134)***   (0.087)***   
                     2.incumbent                                0.857         0.866     
                                                               (0.077)*      (0.123)    
                     distance                                   0.059         0.229     
                                                              (0.017)***   (0.093)***   
                     N                                          9,609         4,357     
                    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. 
. * By party
. clogit vote_choice i.gender##c.hostile_rescale2 ib2.party_candidate##c.hostile_rescale2 i.incumbent c.dista
> nce ///
>         [pw=pes19_weight_general_all] if fullsample==1&sample_races==1&pes19_pid==1| ///
>         fullsample==1&sample_races==1&pes19_pidtrad==1, group(pes19_ResponseId) or
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of collinearity
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of no within-group variance.

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -622.76277  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -536.03909  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -497.52598  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -497.19097  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -497.19049  
Iteration 5:   log pseudolikelihood = -497.19049  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =      4,442
                                                Wald chi2(12)     =     653.77
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -497.19049               Pseudo R2         =     0.6203

                                             (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on pes19_ResponseId)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                   |               Robust
                       vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                            gender |
                 female candidate  |   1.529531   .4573186     1.42   0.155     .8512467    2.748282
                  hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                   |
         gender#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                 female candidate  |   .7156353   .2267542    -1.06   0.291     .3845762    1.331684
                                   |
                   party_candidate |
                          Liberal  |   23.09979   13.87171     5.23   0.000     7.119526    74.94888
                              NDP  |   4.002538   2.506792     2.21   0.027      1.17281    13.65977
                             Bloc  |   1.336666   1.380798     0.28   0.779     .1764892    10.12344
                            Green  |     1.6497   1.094105     0.75   0.450     .4496512     6.05249
                                   |
                  hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                   |
party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                          Liberal  |   .6599014   .4711457    -0.58   0.560     .1628365    2.674276
                              NDP  |   .4790491   .3767285    -0.94   0.349     .1025622    2.237549
                             Bloc  |   1.073216   1.129247     0.07   0.946     .1364725    8.439739
                            Green  |   .2407407   .2014854    -1.70   0.089     .0466815     1.24152
                                   |
                         incumbent |
                    Non-incumbent  |   .8524338   .1829559    -0.74   0.457      .559718    1.298231
                          distance |    .089495   .0606802    -3.56   0.000     .0236951    .3380167
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Robustness checks\party Canada.doc", replace se or ctitles("", " c. 
> Liberal identifiers") starlevels(10 5 1)

                     -------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                c. Liberal identifiers 
                     -------------------------------------------------------------------
                      1.gender                                          1.530          
                                                                       (0.457)         
                      1.gender#c.hostile_rescale2                       0.716          
                                                                       (0.227)         
                      1bn.party_candidate                              23.100          
                                                                     (13.872)***       
                      3.party_candidate                                 4.003          
                                                                      (2.507)**        
                      4.party_candidate                                 1.337          
                                                                       (1.381)         
                      5.party_candidate                                 1.650          
                                                                       (1.094)         
                      1bn.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2            0.660          
                                                                       (0.471)         
                      3.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2              0.479          
                                                                       (0.377)         
                      4.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2              1.073          
                                                                       (1.129)         
                      5.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2              0.241          
                                                                      (0.201)*         
                      2.incumbent                                       0.852          
                                                                       (0.183)         
                      distance                                          0.089          
                                                                     (0.061)***        
                      N                                                 4,442          
                     -------------------------------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. clogit vote_choice i.gender##c.hostile_rescale2 ib2.party_candidate##c.hostile_rescale2 i.incumbent c.dista
> nce ///
>         [pw=pes19_weight_general_all] if fullsample==1&sample_races==1&pes19_pid==2| ///
>         fullsample==1&sample_races==1&pes19_pidtrad==2, group(pes19_ResponseId) or
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of collinearity
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of no within-group variance.

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -365.21274  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -289.32614  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -271.91372  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -270.22735  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -270.22131  
Iteration 5:   log pseudolikelihood =  -270.2213  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =      3,768
                                                Wald chi2(12)     =     448.36
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood =  -270.2213               Pseudo R2         =     0.7770

                                             (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on pes19_ResponseId)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                   |               Robust
                       vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                            gender |
                 female candidate  |   1.249314   .6784439     0.41   0.682     .4309472    3.621757
                  hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                   |
         gender#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                 female candidate  |   .4719468   .2907671    -1.22   0.223     .1410803    1.578773
                                   |
                   party_candidate |
                          Liberal  |    .030189   .0200214    -5.28   0.000     .0082287    .1107559
                              NDP  |   .0377442   .0312083    -3.96   0.000     .0074653    .1908332
                             Bloc  |   2.656107   2.878515     0.90   0.367     .3175185    22.21887
                            Green  |    .017521   .0102724    -6.90   0.000     .0055527    .0552855
                                   |
                  hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                   |
party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                          Liberal  |    .907967   .6600952    -0.13   0.894     .2183954    3.774823
                              NDP  |    .959414   .7743482    -0.05   0.959     .1972408    4.666759
                             Bloc  |   .0880716   .0844379    -2.53   0.011      .013451    .5766581
                            Green  |   .4801447   .3133451    -1.12   0.261     .1336206    1.725325
                                   |
                         incumbent |
                    Non-incumbent  |   .9463605   .3382824    -0.15   0.877     .4696663    1.906882
                          distance |   .0825888   .0631381    -3.26   0.001     .0184582    .3695332
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Robustness checks\party Canada.doc", merge se or ctitles("", " c. Co
> nservative identifiers") starlevels(10 5 1)

      -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                 c. Liberal identifiers   c. Conservative identifiers 
      -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       1.gender                                          1.530                      1.249             
                                                        (0.457)                    (0.678)            
       1.gender#c.hostile_rescale2                       0.716                      0.472             
                                                        (0.227)                    (0.291)            
       1bn.party_candidate                              23.100                      0.030             
                                                      (13.872)***                 (0.020)***          
       3.party_candidate                                 4.003                      0.038             
                                                       (2.507)**                  (0.031)***          
       4.party_candidate                                 1.337                      2.656             
                                                        (1.381)                    (2.879)            
       5.party_candidate                                 1.650                      0.018             
                                                        (1.094)                   (0.010)***          
       1bn.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2            0.660                      0.908             
                                                        (0.471)                    (0.660)            
       3.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2              0.479                      0.959             
                                                        (0.377)                    (0.774)            
       4.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2              1.073                      0.088             
                                                        (1.129)                   (0.084)**           
       5.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2              0.241                      0.480             
                                                       (0.201)*                    (0.313)            
       2.incumbent                                       0.852                      0.946             
                                                        (0.183)                    (0.338)            
       distance                                          0.089                      0.083             
                                                      (0.061)***                  (0.063)***          
       N                                                 4,442                      3,768             
      -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. 
. * Using "women seek to gain power by getting control over men" (consistent across countries)
. clogit vote_choice i.gender##c.control ib2.party_candidate##c.control i.incumbent c.distance ///
>         [pw=pes19_weight_general_all] if fullsample==1&sample_races==1, group(pes19_ResponseId) or
note: control omitted because of collinearity
note: control omitted because of no within-group variance.

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -4163.0633  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -4090.4107  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -4089.7653  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -4089.7651  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =     14,267
                                                Wald chi2(12)     =     683.64
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -4089.7651               Pseudo R2         =     0.1499

                                    (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on pes19_ResponseId)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                          |               Robust
              vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                   gender |
        female candidate  |   .9370382   .0566524    -1.08   0.282      .832328    1.054921
                  control |          1  (omitted)
                          |
         gender#c.control |
        female candidate  |    1.02159   .0469502     0.46   0.642     .9335922    1.117882
                          |
          party_candidate |
                 Liberal  |   .7165043   .0469532    -5.09   0.000     .6301424    .8147022
                     NDP  |   .5898534   .0512997    -6.07   0.000     .4974103    .6994769
                    Bloc  |   1.628271   .2090942     3.80   0.000     1.265959    2.094274
                   Green  |   .1843556   .0218053   -14.30   0.000     .1462103    .2324529
                          |
                  control |          1  (omitted)
                          |
party_candidate#c.control |
                 Liberal  |   .7273534   .0347313    -6.67   0.000     .6623696    .7987126
                     NDP  |   .6842892   .0469869    -5.52   0.000     .5981248    .7828663
                    Bloc  |   .8389226   .0894657    -1.65   0.100     .6806859    1.033944
                   Green  |   .7100488   .0593241    -4.10   0.000     .6027967    .8363837
                          |
                incumbent |
           Non-incumbent  |   .8875632   .0665973    -1.59   0.112     .7661792    1.028178
                 distance |   .0912059   .0215302   -10.14   0.000     .0574231    .1448635
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Robustness checks\control item Canada.doc", replace se or ctitles(""
> , " c. gender*sexism") starlevels(10 5 1)

                            ----------------------------------------------------
                                                              c. gender*sexism 
                            ----------------------------------------------------
                             1.gender                              0.937       
                                                                  (0.057)      
                             1.gender#c.control                    1.022       
                                                                  (0.047)      
                             1bn.party_candidate                   0.717       
                                                                (0.047)***     
                             3.party_candidate                     0.590       
                                                                (0.051)***     
                             4.party_candidate                     1.628       
                                                                (0.209)***     
                             5.party_candidate                     0.184       
                                                                (0.022)***     
                             1bn.party_candidate#c.control         0.727       
                                                                (0.035)***     
                             3.party_candidate#c.control           0.684       
                                                                (0.047)***     
                             4.party_candidate#c.control           0.839       
                                                                 (0.089)*      
                             5.party_candidate#c.control           0.710       
                                                                (0.059)***     
                             2.incumbent                           0.888       
                                                                  (0.067)      
                             distance                              0.091       
                                                                (0.022)***     
                             N                                    14,267       
                            ----------------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. 
. * Benevolent sexism
. clogit vote_choice i.gender##c.benevolent_rescale2 ib2.party_candidate##c.benevolent_rescale2 i.incumbent c
> .distance ///
>         [pw=pes19_weight_general_all] if fullsample==1&sample_races==1, group(pes19_ResponseId) or
note: benevolent_rescale2 omitted because of collinearity
note: benevolent_rescale2 omitted because of no within-group variance.

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -4241.7964  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -4175.6452  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -4175.1648  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -4175.1646  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =     14,444
                                                Wald chi2(12)     =     693.35
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -4175.1646               Pseudo R2         =     0.1447

                                                (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on pes19_ResponseId)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                      |               Robust
                          vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                               gender |
                    female candidate  |   .9574049   .1122713    -0.37   0.710     .7608139    1.204794
                  benevolent_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                      |
         gender#c.benevolent_rescale2 |
                    female candidate  |   .9780563   .1109928    -0.20   0.845     .7830093    1.221689
                                      |
                      party_candidate |
                             Liberal  |   1.345815   .1663592     2.40   0.016      1.05625    1.714764
                                 NDP  |   1.257769   .1938243     1.49   0.137     .9298855    1.701267
                                Bloc  |    2.09549   .6808412     2.28   0.023     1.108469    3.961391
                               Green  |   .4053048   .0854527    -4.28   0.000     .2681131    .6126965
                                      |
                  benevolent_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                      |
party_candidate#c.benevolent_rescale2 |
                             Liberal  |   .6105185   .0711957    -4.23   0.000     .4857758    .7672941
                                 NDP  |   .5557399   .0835091    -3.91   0.000     .4139658    .7460684
                                Bloc  |   .8570911   .2529234    -0.52   0.601      .480664    1.528313
                               Green  |     .52246   .1186728    -2.86   0.004     .3347412    .8154493
                                      |
                            incumbent |
                       Non-incumbent  |   .8915855   .0662571    -1.54   0.123     .7707385    1.031381
                             distance |    .089814   .0208585   -10.38   0.000     .0569717    .1415886
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Robustness checks\benevolent Canada.doc", replace se or ctitles("", 
> " c. gender*sexism") starlevels(10 5 1)

                      ----------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                    c. gender*sexism 
                      ----------------------------------------------------------------
                       1.gender                                          0.957       
                                                                        (0.112)      
                       1.gender#c.benevolent_rescale2                    0.978       
                                                                        (0.111)      
                       1bn.party_candidate                               1.346       
                                                                       (0.166)**     
                       3.party_candidate                                 1.258       
                                                                        (0.194)      
                       4.party_candidate                                 2.095       
                                                                       (0.681)**     
                       5.party_candidate                                 0.405       
                                                                      (0.085)***     
                       1bn.party_candidate#c.benevolent_rescale2         0.611       
                                                                      (0.071)***     
                       3.party_candidate#c.benevolent_rescale2           0.556       
                                                                      (0.084)***     
                       4.party_candidate#c.benevolent_rescale2           0.857       
                                                                        (0.253)      
                       5.party_candidate#c.benevolent_rescale2           0.522       
                                                                      (0.119)***     
                       2.incumbent                                       0.892       
                                                                        (0.066)      
                       distance                                          0.090       
                                                                      (0.021)***     
                       N                                                14,444       
                      ----------------------------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. 
. * Vote share at previous election control
. pwcorr distance share

             | distance    share
-------------+------------------
    distance |   1.0000 
       share |  -0.5368   1.0000 

. ** correlation = -0.5369
. clogit vote_choice i.gender ib2.party_candidate i.incumbent c.share [pw=pes19_weight_general_all] ///
>         if fullsample==1&sample_races==1, group(pes19_ResponseId) or

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -4295.4558  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -4215.4452  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -4213.5093  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -4213.5088  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -4213.5088  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =     14,477
                                                Wald chi2(7)      =     678.07
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -4213.5088               Pseudo R2         =     0.1393

                            (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on pes19_ResponseId)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  |               Robust
      vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           gender |
female candidate  |   .9530836   .0510394    -0.90   0.370      .858119    1.058558
                  |
  party_candidate |
         Liberal  |   .8260199   .0476282    -3.31   0.001     .7377519    .9248487
             NDP  |   .7174855   .0510371    -4.67   0.000     .6241147     .824825
            Bloc  |   1.836225   .2203974     5.06   0.000     1.451304    2.323237
           Green  |   .5132654   .0607215    -5.64   0.000     .4070438    .6472063
                  |
        incumbent |
   Non-incumbent  |   .8825681   .0652558    -1.69   0.091     .7635045    1.020199
            share |   1.024236   .0023279    10.54   0.000     1.019684    1.028809
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Robustness checks\vote share control Canada.doc", replace se or

                                    ------------------------------------
                                                           vote_choice 
                                    ------------------------------------
                                     1.gender                 0.953    
                                                             (0.051)   
                                     1bn.party_candidate      0.826    
                                                            (0.048)**  
                                     3.party_candidate        0.717    
                                                            (0.051)**  
                                     4.party_candidate        1.836    
                                                            (0.220)**  
                                     5.party_candidate        0.513    
                                                            (0.061)**  
                                     2.incumbent              0.883    
                                                             (0.065)   
                                     share                    1.024    
                                                            (0.002)**  
                                     N                       14,477    
                                    ------------------------------------
                                             * p<0.05; ** p<0.01


. clogit vote_choice i.gender##c.hostile_rescale2 ib2.party_candidate i.incumbent c.share ///
>         [pw=pes19_weight_general_all] if fullsample==1&sample_races==1, group(pes19_ResponseId) or
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of no within-group variance.

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -4293.6066  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -4213.8225  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -4211.8988  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -4211.8983  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -4211.8983  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =     14,477
                                                Wald chi2(8)      =     677.87
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -4211.8983               Pseudo R2         =     0.1397

                                    (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on pes19_ResponseId)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                          |               Robust
              vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                   gender |
        female candidate  |   1.077568   .1097204     0.73   0.463     .8826191    1.315576
         hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                          |
gender#c.hostile_rescale2 |
        female candidate  |   .8584068   .0974013    -1.35   0.178     .6872416    1.072203
                          |
          party_candidate |
                 Liberal  |   .8259214   .0476916    -3.31   0.001      .737543    .9248901
                     NDP  |   .7154619   .0509321    -4.70   0.000     .6222879    .8225866
                    Bloc  |   1.834732   .2203566     5.05   0.000      1.44991    2.321691
                   Green  |   .5115786   .0606235    -5.66   0.000     .4055483    .6453303
                          |
                incumbent |
           Non-incumbent  |   .8826785   .0652403    -1.69   0.091     .7636402    1.020273
                    share |   1.024182   .0023276    10.51   0.000      1.01963    1.028754
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Robustness checks\vote share control Canada.doc", merge se or ctitle
> s("", " c. gender*sexism") starlevels(10 5 1)

                       ---------------------------------------------------------------
                                                      vote_choice   c. gender*sexism 
                       ---------------------------------------------------------------
                        1.gender                         0.953           1.078       
                                                        (0.051)         (0.110)      
                        1bn.party_candidate              0.826           0.826       
                                                       (0.048)**      (0.048)***     
                        3.party_candidate                0.717           0.715       
                                                       (0.051)**      (0.051)***     
                        4.party_candidate                1.836           1.835       
                                                       (0.220)**      (0.220)***     
                        5.party_candidate                0.513           0.512       
                                                       (0.061)**      (0.061)***     
                        2.incumbent                      0.883           0.883       
                                                        (0.065)        (0.065)*      
                        share                            1.024           1.024       
                                                       (0.002)**      (0.002)***     
                        1.gender#c.hostile_rescale2                      0.858       
                                                                        (0.097)      
                        N                               14,477          14,477       
                       ---------------------------------------------------------------
                                             * p<0.05; ** p<0.01


. clogit vote_choice i.gender##c.hostile_rescale2 ib2.party_candidate##c.hostile_rescale2 i.incumbent c.share
>  ///
>         [pw=pes19_weight_general_all] if fullsample==1&sample_races==1, group(pes19_ResponseId) or
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of collinearity
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of no within-group variance.

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -4249.1794  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -4151.2976  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -4148.7846  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -4148.7834  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -4148.7834  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =     14,477
                                                Wald chi2(12)     =     720.14
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -4148.7834               Pseudo R2         =     0.1525

                                             (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on pes19_ResponseId)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                   |               Robust
                       vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                            gender |
                 female candidate  |   .9525326   .0974872    -0.48   0.635     .7794053    1.164116
                  hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                   |
         gender#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                 female candidate  |   .9870717   .1150014    -0.11   0.911     .7855562    1.240281
                                   |
                   party_candidate |
                          Liberal  |   1.730791   .1889352     5.03   0.000     1.397419    2.143694
                              NDP  |   1.704747   .2385498     3.81   0.000     1.295833    2.242698
                             Bloc  |   2.739678   .7551236     3.66   0.000     1.596199    4.702317
                            Green  |   1.145632   .2118557     0.74   0.462     .7973279    1.646089
                                   |
                  hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                   |
party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                          Liberal  |   .4068568   .0496279    -7.37   0.000     .3203414    .5167376
                              NDP  |   .3458421   .0575247    -6.38   0.000     .2496293    .4791376
                             Bloc  |   .6210402   .1832343    -1.61   0.106     .3483194    1.107291
                            Green  |    .383257   .0826599    -4.45   0.000     .2511337    .5848912
                                   |
                         incumbent |
                    Non-incumbent  |     .89758   .0672262    -1.44   0.149     .7750337    1.039503
                             share |   1.024892    .002354    10.70   0.000     1.020289    1.029516
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Robustness checks\vote share control Canada.doc", merge se or ctitle
> s("", " c. gender*sexism") starlevels(10 5 1)

        ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                  vote_choice   c. gender*sexism   c. gender*sexism 
        ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         1.gender                                    0.953           1.078              0.953       
                                                    (0.051)         (0.110)            (0.097)      
         1bn.party_candidate                         0.826           0.826              1.731       
                                                   (0.048)**      (0.048)***         (0.189)***     
         3.party_candidate                           0.717           0.715              1.705       
                                                   (0.051)**      (0.051)***         (0.239)***     
         4.party_candidate                           1.836           1.835              2.740       
                                                   (0.220)**      (0.220)***         (0.755)***     
         5.party_candidate                           0.513           0.512              1.146       
                                                   (0.061)**      (0.061)***           (0.212)      
         2.incumbent                                 0.883           0.883              0.898       
                                                    (0.065)        (0.065)*            (0.067)      
         share                                       1.024           1.024              1.025       
                                                   (0.002)**      (0.002)***         (0.002)***     
         1.gender#c.hostile_rescale2                                 0.858              0.987       
                                                                    (0.097)            (0.115)      
         1bn.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2                                         0.407       
                                                                                     (0.050)***     
         3.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2                                           0.346       
                                                                                     (0.058)***     
         4.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2                                           0.621       
                                                                                       (0.183)      
         5.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2                                           0.383       
                                                                                     (0.083)***     
         N                                          14,477          14,477             14,477       
        ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                             * p<0.05; ** p<0.01


. 
. 
. ** Revisions #2 - Quebec only
. set more off

. clogit vote_choice i.gender [pw=pes19_weight_general_all] if fullsample==1&sample_races==1&prov==24, group(
> pes19_ResponseId) or

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -1382.2518  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -1382.2293  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -1382.2293  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =      2,949
                                                Wald chi2(1)      =       3.77
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0522
Log pseudolikelihood = -1382.2293               Pseudo R2         =     0.0028

                            (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on pes19_ResponseId)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  |               Robust
      vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           gender |
female candidate  |   .8128701   .0867592    -1.94   0.052     .6594331    1.002009
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Table 6 Quebec.doc", replace se or

                                          -------------------------
                                                      vote_choice 
                                          -------------------------
                                           1.gender      0.813    
                                                        (0.087)   
                                           N             2,949    
                                          -------------------------
                                             * p<0.05; ** p<0.01


. clogit vote_choice i.gender ib2.party_candidate i.incumbent c.distance [pw=pes19_weight_general_all] ///
>         if fullsample==1&sample_races==1&prov==24, group(pes19_ResponseId) or

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -1160.1338  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -1144.6098  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -1144.4548  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -1144.4548  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =      2,949
                                                Wald chi2(7)      =     189.40
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -1144.4548               Pseudo R2         =     0.1744

                            (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on pes19_ResponseId)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  |               Robust
      vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           gender |
female candidate  |   1.074686   .1369492     0.57   0.572     .8371661    1.379596
                  |
  party_candidate |
         Liberal  |   1.111592   .2259864     0.52   0.603      .746271    1.655749
             NDP  |   .4976285   .1037464    -3.35   0.001     .3307084    .7487989
            Bloc  |   2.146336   .3684896     4.45   0.000     1.533066    3.004932
           Green  |   .2310798   .0660402    -5.13   0.000     .1319767    .4046006
                  |
        incumbent |
   Non-incumbent  |   .9260112    .157976    -0.45   0.652     .6628308    1.293689
         distance |   .0319064   .0195003    -5.64   0.000     .0096305    .1057082
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Table 6 Quebec.doc", merge se or

                              -------------------------------------------------
                                                     vote_choice  vote_choice 
                              -------------------------------------------------
                               1.gender                 0.813        1.075    
                                                       (0.087)      (0.137)   
                               1bn.party_candidate                   1.112    
                                                                    (0.226)   
                               3.party_candidate                     0.498    
                                                                   (0.104)**  
                               4.party_candidate                     2.146    
                                                                   (0.368)**  
                               5.party_candidate                     0.231    
                                                                   (0.066)**  
                               2.incumbent                           0.926    
                                                                    (0.158)   
                               distance                              0.032    
                                                                   (0.020)**  
                               N                        2,949        2,949    
                              -------------------------------------------------
                                             * p<0.05; ** p<0.01


. clogit vote_choice i.gender##c.hostile_rescale2 ib2.party_candidate i.incumbent c.distance ///
>         [pw=pes19_weight_general_all] if fullsample==1&sample_races==1&prov==24, group(pes19_ResponseId) or
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of no within-group variance.

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -1159.7496  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -1144.3402  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -1144.1847  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -1144.1846  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =      2,949
                                                Wald chi2(8)      =     192.30
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -1144.1846               Pseudo R2         =     0.1746

                                    (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on pes19_ResponseId)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                          |               Robust
              vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                   gender |
        female candidate  |   1.210855   .3302426     0.70   0.483     .7094796    2.066544
         hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                          |
gender#c.hostile_rescale2 |
        female candidate  |   .8734163   .2504819    -0.47   0.637     .4978635     1.53226
                          |
          party_candidate |
                 Liberal  |   1.112454   .2256789     0.53   0.599     .7474848    1.655624
                     NDP  |   .4952475   .1031167    -3.37   0.001     .3292998    .7448229
                    Bloc  |   2.144292   .3681051     4.44   0.000     1.531653    3.001978
                   Green  |   .2319452   .0662589    -5.12   0.000     .1325031    .4060176
                          |
                incumbent |
           Non-incumbent  |   .9267094   .1579677    -0.45   0.655     .6635093    1.294315
                 distance |   .0320095   .0195255    -5.64   0.000      .009684    .1058046
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Table 6 Quebec.doc", merge se or starlevels(10 5 1)

                   ----------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                  vote_choice  vote_choice  vote_choice 
                   ----------------------------------------------------------------------
                    1.gender                         0.813        1.075        1.211    
                                                    (0.087)      (0.137)      (0.330)   
                    1bn.party_candidate                           1.112        1.112    
                                                                 (0.226)      (0.226)   
                    3.party_candidate                             0.498        0.495    
                                                                (0.104)**   (0.103)***  
                    4.party_candidate                             2.146        2.144    
                                                                (0.368)**   (0.368)***  
                    5.party_candidate                             0.231        0.232    
                                                                (0.066)**   (0.066)***  
                    2.incumbent                                   0.926        0.927    
                                                                 (0.158)      (0.158)   
                    distance                                      0.032        0.032    
                                                                (0.020)**   (0.020)***  
                    1.gender#c.hostile_rescale2                                0.873    
                                                                              (0.250)   
                    N                                2,949        2,949        2,949    
                   ----------------------------------------------------------------------
                                             * p<0.05; ** p<0.01


. clogit vote_choice i.gender##c.hostile_rescale2 ib2.party_candidate##c.hostile_rescale2 i.incumbent c.dista
> nce ///
>         [pw=pes19_weight_general_all] if fullsample==1&sample_races==1&prov==24, group(pes19_ResponseId) or
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of collinearity
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of no within-group variance.

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood =  -1145.912  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -1120.1077  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -1119.6053  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -1119.6051  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -1119.6051  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =      2,949
                                                Wald chi2(12)     =     199.15
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -1119.6051               Pseudo R2         =     0.1923

                                             (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on pes19_ResponseId)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                   |               Robust
                       vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                            gender |
                 female candidate  |   1.106532   .3061348     0.37   0.714     .6433825    1.903087
                  hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                   |
         gender#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                 female candidate  |   .9329167   .2667842    -0.24   0.808     .5326312    1.634027
                                   |
                   party_candidate |
                          Liberal  |    4.67746   1.865171     3.87   0.000     2.140855    10.21957
                              NDP  |   3.381659   1.499261     2.75   0.006     1.418238    8.063257
                             Bloc  |   5.964647    2.69476     3.95   0.000     2.460489    14.45933
                            Green  |   .7714148   .5383531    -0.37   0.710     .1964507    3.029161
                                   |
                  hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                   |
party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                          Liberal  |   .2312121   .0861965    -3.93   0.000     .1113475    .4801099
                              NDP  |   .1180882   .0556821    -4.53   0.000      .046864    .2975592
                             Bloc  |   .3626338   .1557205    -2.36   0.018     .1562965    .8413705
                            Green  |   .2951517   .2296904    -1.57   0.117     .0642141    1.356626
                                   |
                         incumbent |
                    Non-incumbent  |   .9663248   .1658137    -0.20   0.842      .690341    1.352641
                          distance |   .0329633   .0205294    -5.48   0.000     .0097254     .111726
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Table 6 Quebec.doc", merge se or starlevels(10 5 1)

       ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                 vote_choice  vote_choice  vote_choice  vote_choice 
       ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        1.gender                                    0.813        1.075        1.211        1.107    
                                                   (0.087)      (0.137)      (0.330)      (0.306)   
        1bn.party_candidate                                      1.112        1.112        4.677    
                                                                (0.226)      (0.226)    (1.865)***  
        3.party_candidate                                        0.498        0.495        3.382    
                                                               (0.104)**   (0.103)***   (1.499)***  
        4.party_candidate                                        2.146        2.144        5.965    
                                                               (0.368)**   (0.368)***   (2.695)***  
        5.party_candidate                                        0.231        0.232        0.771    
                                                               (0.066)**   (0.066)***     (0.538)   
        2.incumbent                                              0.926        0.927        0.966    
                                                                (0.158)      (0.158)      (0.166)   
        distance                                                 0.032        0.032        0.033    
                                                               (0.020)**   (0.020)***   (0.021)***  
        1.gender#c.hostile_rescale2                                           0.873        0.933    
                                                                             (0.250)      (0.267)   
        1bn.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2                                             0.231    
                                                                                        (0.086)***  
        3.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2                                               0.118    
                                                                                        (0.056)***  
        4.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2                                               0.363    
                                                                                         (0.156)**  
        5.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2                                               0.295    
                                                                                          (0.230)   
        N                                           2,949        2,949        2,949        2,949    
       ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                             * p<0.05; ** p<0.01


. 
. ** Table 3 for analytical sample only
. collapse hostile2 nothostile [iw=pes19_weight_general_all], by(pes19_ResponseId)

. 
. tab nothostile

     (mean) |
 nothostile |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
          0 |      1,304       37.39       37.39
          1 |      2,184       62.61      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |      3,488      100.00

. tab hostile2

     (mean) |
   hostile2 |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
          0 |      2,737       78.47       78.47
          1 |        751       21.53      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |      3,488      100.00

. 
. 
. use "Data\Canada_data_recoded.dta", clear
( )

. 
. ** Abstention models
. ** Individual-level covariates
. gen educ=1 if cps19_education>=1&cps19_education<=4
(40,506 missing values generated)

. replace educ=2 if cps19_education==5
(5,490 real changes made)

. replace educ=3 if cps19_education>=6&cps19_education<=7
(13,279 real changes made)

. replace educ=4 if cps19_education>=8&cps19_education<=11
(21,683 real changes made)

. 
. label define educlab 1 "Lower than Secondary" 2 "Secondary" 3 "Techical" 4 "University"

. label values educ educlab

. 
. gen workstat=1 if cps19_employment==1|cps19_employment==3
(22,666 missing values generated)

. replace workstat=2 if cps19_employment==2
(3,042 real changes made)

. replace workstat=3 if cps19_employment==4|cps19_employment==11
(14,870 real changes made)

. replace workstat=4 if cps19_employment==5
(1,262 real changes made)

. replace workstat=5 if cps19_employment==6|cps19_employment==9
(756 real changes made)

. replace workstat=6 if cps19_employment==7|cps19_employment==10
(878 real changes made)

. replace workstat=7 if cps19_employment==8
(1,305 real changes made)

. replace workstat=8 if cps19_employment==12
(348 real changes made)

. 
. label define worklab 1 "Employed FT" 2 "Employed PT" 3 "Retired" 4 "Unemployed" ///
>         5 "Student" 6 "Caring for a family" 7 "Disabled" 8 "Other"

. label values workstat worklab

. 
. * Abstainers
. gen abstain=1 if voted==0
(39,164 missing values generated)

. replace abstain=0 if voted==1
(38,979 real changes made)

. 
. 
. gen employment = . 
(42,184 missing values generated)

. replace employment = 1 if cps19_employment == 1 | cps19_employment == 2 | cps19_employment == 3 | cps19_emp
> loyment == 9 | cps19_employment == 10 | cps19_employment == 11 
(23,098 real changes made)

. replace employment = 0 if cps19_employment == 5 | cps19_employment == 7 | cps19_employment == 8
(3,374 real changes made)

. replace employment = 2 if cps19_employment == 4
(14,491 real changes made)

. replace employment = 3 if cps19_employment == 6 
(668 real changes made)

. 
. label define employment_label 1 "In paid work" 0 "Out of paid work" 2 "Retired" 3 "Student"

. label values employment employment_label

. 
. gen union = cps19_union

. recode union 3=. 
(union: 223 changes made)

. recode union 2=0 1=1 
(union: 34299 changes made)

. 
. gen income = cps19_income_cat
(30,380 missing values generated)

. recode income 1=2
(income: 86 changes made)

. 
. * Co-partisan
. gen copartisan=1 if party=="Liberal"&pes19_pid==1| ///
>         party=="Conservative"&pes19_pid==2| ///
>         party=="NDP"&pes19_pid==3| ///
>         party=="Bloc"&pes19_pid==4| ///
>         party=="Green"&pes19_pid==7| ///
>         party=="Liberal"&pes19_pidtrad==1| ///
>         party=="Conservative"&pes19_pidtrad==2| ///
>         party=="NDP"&pes19_pidtrad==3| ///
>         party=="Bloc"&pes19_pidtrad==4| ///
>         party=="Green"&pes19_pidtrad==5 
(34,696 missing values generated)

. replace copartisan=0 if copartisan==.
(34,696 real changes made)

. 
. drop if copartisan==0
(34,696 observations deleted)

. 
. codebook pes19_ResponseId if abstain!=.&hostile_rescale!=.&gender!=.&female!=.&educ!=.&pes19_age!=.&employm
> ent!=.&union!=.& ///
>         prov!=.&distance!=.&income!=.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
pes19_ResponseId                                                                                  Response ID
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                  type:  string (str17)

         unique values:  932                      missing "":  0/932

              examples:  "R_1pAsVYjyxd41FVX"
                         "R_2cBJbMnfsmgEUAH"
                         "R_3QPnlWoymAh2Do0"
                         "R_O99rNxm6mqzho8F"

. 
. ** Turnout Models 
. 
. logit abstain c.hostile_rescale2##i.gender i.female i.educ c.pes19_age i.employment c.distance i.incumbent 
> ///
>         i.union i.prov [pw=pes19_weight_general_all] if sample_races==1 & copartisan == 1, or

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -744.42737  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -696.30874  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -687.42704  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -687.33286  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -687.33247  
Iteration 5:   log pseudolikelihood = -687.33247  

Logistic regression                             Number of obs     =      3,209
                                                Wald chi2(23)     =      64.98
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -687.33247               Pseudo R2         =     0.0767

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                          |               Robust
                  abstain | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
         hostile_rescale2 |   1.854753   .5766904     1.99   0.047     1.008383    3.411509
                          |
                   gender |
        female candidate  |   1.558715   .6229404     1.11   0.267     .7121704    3.411532
                          |
gender#c.hostile_rescale2 |
        female candidate  |   .4992505   .2064247    -1.68   0.093     .2220102    1.122701
                          |
                   female |
                   women  |   .7687768   .1722626    -1.17   0.241     .4955283    1.192702
                          |
                     educ |
               Secondary  |   1.034841   .5237326     0.07   0.946     .3837786      2.7904
                Techical  |   .9116298   .4289188    -0.20   0.844     .3625192    2.292482
              University  |   .6402853   .2968227    -0.96   0.336      .258092    1.588446
                          |
                pes19_age |   .9638397   .0091746    -3.87   0.000     .9460246    .9819903
                          |
               employment |
            In paid work  |    .581645   .1880828    -1.68   0.094     .3086103     1.09624
                 Retired  |   .8281023   .3169833    -0.49   0.622     .3910738    1.753514
                 Student  |    .471536   .3215782    -1.10   0.270     .1238832    1.794806
                          |
                 distance |   1.253541   .9959574     0.28   0.776     .2641474    5.948823
                          |
                incumbent |
           Non-incumbent  |    1.33737   .3433927     1.13   0.258     .8085203    2.212138
                  1.union |   .8598836   .2561453    -0.51   0.612     .4796015    1.541696
                          |
                     prov |
                     PEI  |   2.565138   3.166081     0.76   0.445     .2282946    28.82212
             Nova Scotia  |   1.041468   .9857793     0.04   0.966     .1629144    6.657828
           New Brunswick  |    .412349    .435835    -0.84   0.402     .0519496    3.273015
                  Quebec  |   1.003179   .7847959     0.00   0.997     .2165091    4.648158
                 Ontario  |   1.693442   1.257265     0.71   0.478     .3951946    7.256538
                Manitoba  |   2.227857   1.808049     0.99   0.324     .4540279    10.93181
            Saskatchewan  |   .2247724   .2151526    -1.56   0.119     .0344327    1.467287
                 Alberta  |   .7929064   .6351484    -0.29   0.772     .1649593    3.811246
        British Columbia  |   1.667064   1.281108     0.67   0.506     .3696745    7.517703
                          |
                    _cons |   .2974128   .3590902    -1.00   0.315      .027902    3.170175
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Table 8 Canada.doc", replace se or ctitles("", "Abstention") starlev
> els (10 5 1)

                                 -------------------------------------------
                                                                Abstention 
                                 -------------------------------------------
                                  hostile_rescale2                1.855    
                                                                (0.577)**  
                                  1.gender                        1.559    
                                                                 (0.623)   
                                  1.gender#c.hostile_rescale2     0.499    
                                                                 (0.206)*  
                                  1.female                        0.769    
                                                                 (0.172)   
                                  2bn.educ                        1.035    
                                                                 (0.524)   
                                  3.educ                          0.912    
                                                                 (0.429)   
                                  4.educ                          0.640    
                                                                 (0.297)   
                                  pes19_age                       0.964    
                                                                (0.009)*** 
                                  1bn.employment                  0.582    
                                                                 (0.188)*  
                                  2.employment                    0.828    
                                                                 (0.317)   
                                  3.employment                    0.472    
                                                                 (0.322)   
                                  distance                        1.254    
                                                                 (0.996)   
                                  2.incumbent                     1.337    
                                                                 (0.343)   
                                  1.union                         0.860    
                                                                 (0.256)   
                                  11bn.prov                       2.565    
                                                                 (3.166)   
                                  12.prov                         1.041    
                                                                 (0.986)   
                                  13.prov                         0.412    
                                                                 (0.436)   
                                  24.prov                         1.003    
                                                                 (0.785)   
                                  35.prov                         1.693    
                                                                 (1.257)   
                                  46.prov                         2.228    
                                                                 (1.808)   
                                  47.prov                         0.225    
                                                                 (0.215)   
                                  48.prov                         0.793    
                                                                 (0.635)   
                                  59.prov                         1.667    
                                                                 (1.281)   
                                  N                               3,209    
                                 -------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. margins gender, at(hostile_rescale2=(0(1)2))

Predictive margins                              Number of obs     =      3,209
Model VCE    : Robust

Expression   : Pr(abstain), predict()

1._at        : hostile_re~2    =           0

2._at        : hostile_re~2    =           1

3._at        : hostile_re~2    =           2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    |            Delta-method
                    |     Margin   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
         _at#gender |
  1#male candidate  |   .0422841    .012534     3.37   0.001     .0177178    .0668504
1#female candidate  |   .0635729   .0155648     4.08   0.000     .0330665    .0940794
  2#male candidate  |   .0742821   .0089219     8.33   0.000     .0567955    .0917688
2#female candidate  |   .0592965   .0095571     6.20   0.000     .0405649    .0780281
  3#male candidate  |   .1260591   .0373386     3.38   0.001     .0528768    .1992413
3#female candidate  |   .0552828   .0191783     2.88   0.004     .0176939    .0928717
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. marginsplot, ytitle("Probability of abstaining") xtitle("") xlabel(0 "Not sexist (<1)" 1 "Neutral (1)" 2 "S
> exist (>1)") ///
>         title("Canada") saving("Output\BJPS resubmission\Canada_table8", replace)

  Variables that uniquely identify margins: hostile_rescale2 gender
(file Output\BJPS resubmission\Canada_table8.gph saved)

. 
. ** Robustness - restrict sample to non-missing on income
. logit abstain c.hostile_rescale2##i.gender i.female i.educ c.pes19_age i.employment c.distance i.incumbent 
> ///
>         i.union i.prov [pw=pes19_weight_general_all] if sample_races==1 & copartisan == 1 & income!=., or

note: 10.prov != 0 predicts failure perfectly
      10.prov dropped and 12 obs not used

note: 13.prov != 0 predicts failure perfectly
      13.prov dropped and 21 obs not used

note: 59.prov omitted because of collinearity
Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -264.96458  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -228.18937  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood =  -221.2218  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -221.11381  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood =  -221.1135  
Iteration 5:   log pseudolikelihood =  -221.1135  

Logistic regression                             Number of obs     =        788
                                                Wald chi2(21)     =      44.99
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0017
Log pseudolikelihood =  -221.1135               Pseudo R2         =     0.1655

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                           |               Robust
                   abstain | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
          hostile_rescale2 |    1.97947   1.106336     1.22   0.222     .6619242    5.919565
                           |
                    gender |
         female candidate  |   1.323458   .9618262     0.39   0.700     .3184912    5.499496
                           |
 gender#c.hostile_rescale2 |
         female candidate  |    .413921   .3030283    -1.20   0.228     .0985733    1.738103
                           |
                    female |
                    women  |   .4646099   .1849009    -1.93   0.054     .2129785    1.013541
                           |
                      educ |
                Secondary  |   1.279375   1.089895     0.29   0.772      .240914    6.794124
                 Techical  |   2.024954   1.580073     0.90   0.366     .4387547    9.345624
               University  |   .9691139    .733524    -0.04   0.967     .2198361    4.272191
                           |
                 pes19_age |   .9357858    .013492    -4.60   0.000     .9097121    .9626067
                           |
                employment |
             In paid work  |   .6103519   .3325188    -0.91   0.365       .20982    1.775471
                  Retired  |   1.686395   1.159516     0.76   0.447     .4382255    6.489644
                  Student  |   .3591343    .352918    -1.04   0.297     .0523346    2.464477
                           |
                  distance |   3.152008   3.973192     0.91   0.362     .2664555    37.28636
                           |
                 incumbent |
            Non-incumbent  |    1.29559   .5871415     0.57   0.568     .5329863    3.149337
                   1.union |   .5234191    .289748    -1.17   0.242      .176869    1.548985
                           |
                      prov |
Newfoundland and Labrador  |          1  (empty)
                      PEI  |   9.895143   10.65872     2.13   0.033     1.198218    81.71622
              Nova Scotia  |    .706626   .9871714    -0.25   0.804     .0457133    10.92285
            New Brunswick  |          1  (empty)
                   Quebec  |   1.224209   .7480419     0.33   0.741     .3696039    4.054848
                  Ontario  |   2.025025   1.148904     1.24   0.214     .6660372    6.156902
                 Manitoba  |   1.398286   1.176556     0.40   0.690     .2687645    7.274784
             Saskatchewan  |   .7920116   .7749427    -0.24   0.812      .116379    5.389998
                  Alberta  |   .4895857   .4398716    -0.79   0.427     .0841513    2.848371
         British Columbia  |          1  (omitted)
                           |
                     _cons |   1.128975   1.900374     0.07   0.943     .0416753    30.58369
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. ** Robustness - by party
. logit abstain c.hostile_rescale2##i.gender i.female i.educ c.pes19_age i.employment c.distance i.incumbent 
> ///
>         i.union i.prov [pw=pes19_weight_general_all] if sample_races==1&pes19_pid==1|sample_races==1&pes19_
> pidtrad==1, or

note: 3.employment != 0 predicts failure perfectly
      3.employment dropped and 15 obs not used

note: 11.prov != 0 predicts failure perfectly
      11.prov dropped and 10 obs not used

note: 12.prov != 0 predicts failure perfectly
      12.prov dropped and 50 obs not used

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -224.24895  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -198.73079  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -192.07072  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood =   -191.964  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -191.96392  
Iteration 5:   log pseudolikelihood = -191.96392  

Logistic regression                             Number of obs     =      1,203
                                                Wald chi2(20)     =      53.70
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0001
Log pseudolikelihood = -191.96392               Pseudo R2         =     0.1440

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                          |               Robust
                  abstain | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
         hostile_rescale2 |   3.208567   2.041978     1.83   0.067     .9217101    11.16935
                          |
                   gender |
        female candidate  |   2.282893   1.654682     1.14   0.255     .5514666    9.450436
                          |
gender#c.hostile_rescale2 |
        female candidate  |   .3126914   .2230905    -1.63   0.103     .0772367    1.265925
                          |
                   female |
                   women  |   1.822445   .7981752     1.37   0.171     .7724212    4.299864
                          |
                     educ |
               Secondary  |   1.267856   1.291436     0.23   0.816     .1722017    9.334746
                Techical  |   1.367238   1.302094     0.33   0.743     .2114459    8.840744
              University  |   .7328621   .6994308    -0.33   0.745     .1128886    4.757669
                          |
                pes19_age |   .9518454   .0159963    -2.94   0.003     .9210039    .9837197
                          |
               employment |
            In paid work  |     .57173   .2747507    -1.16   0.245     .2229141    1.466373
                 Retired  |   1.094073   .6983282     0.14   0.888     .3131405    3.822555
                 Student  |          1  (empty)
                          |
                 distance |   307.1804   868.2755     2.03   0.043     1.206115    78234.48
                          |
                incumbent |
           Non-incumbent  |   1.300172   .5491224     0.62   0.534     .5681973    2.975105
                  1.union |   .5326297   .2940246    -1.14   0.254     .1805266    1.571482
                          |
                     prov |
                     PEI  |          1  (empty)
             Nova Scotia  |          1  (empty)
           New Brunswick  |   .5131143   .7893168    -0.43   0.664     .0251665    10.46179
                  Quebec  |   .4156483   .5051394    -0.72   0.470     .0383934    4.499821
                 Ontario  |   1.618562   1.800999     0.43   0.665     .1828033    14.33094
                Manitoba  |   1.519081   2.056876     0.31   0.757     .1069131    21.58394
            Saskatchewan  |   .0593969   .1001775    -1.67   0.094     .0021784    1.619504
                 Alberta  |   .1074624   .1670287    -1.44   0.151     .0051078    2.260882
        British Columbia  |   .4917832    .587197    -0.59   0.552     .0473615    5.106484
                          |
                    _cons |   .1930063   .3099216    -1.02   0.306     .0082937    4.491547
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Robustness checks\party turnout Canada.doc", replace se or ctitles("
> " "c. Liberal identifiers") starlevels (10 5 1)

                           -------------------------------------------------------
                                                          c. Liberal identifiers 
                           -------------------------------------------------------
                            hostile_rescale2                      3.209          
                                                                 (2.042)*        
                            1.gender                              2.283          
                                                                 (1.655)         
                            1.gender#c.hostile_rescale2           0.313          
                                                                 (0.223)         
                            1.female                              1.822          
                                                                 (0.798)         
                            2bn.educ                              1.268          
                                                                 (1.291)         
                            3.educ                                1.367          
                                                                 (1.302)         
                            4.educ                                0.733          
                                                                 (0.699)         
                            pes19_age                             0.952          
                                                                (0.016)***       
                            1bn.employment                        0.572          
                                                                 (0.275)         
                            2.employment                          1.094          
                                                                 (0.698)         
                            distance                             307.180         
                                                               (868.275)**       
                            2.incumbent                           1.300          
                                                                 (0.549)         
                            1.union                               0.533          
                                                                 (0.294)         
                            13bn.prov                             0.513          
                                                                 (0.789)         
                            24.prov                               0.416          
                                                                 (0.505)         
                            35.prov                               1.619          
                                                                 (1.801)         
                            46.prov                               1.519          
                                                                 (2.057)         
                            47.prov                               0.059          
                                                                 (0.100)*        
                            48.prov                               0.107          
                                                                 (0.167)         
                            59.prov                               0.492          
                                                                 (0.587)         
                            N                                     1,203          
                           -------------------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. logit abstain c.hostile_rescale2##i.gender i.female i.educ c.pes19_age i.employment c.distance i.incumbent 
> ///
>         i.union i.prov [pw=pes19_weight_general_all] if sample_races==1&pes19_pid==2|sample_races==1&pes19_
> pidtrad==2, or

note: 10.prov != 0 predicts failure perfectly
      10.prov dropped and 18 obs not used

note: 11.prov != 0 predicts failure perfectly
      11.prov dropped and 4 obs not used

note: 13.prov != 0 predicts failure perfectly
      13.prov dropped and 30 obs not used

note: 47.prov != 0 predicts failure perfectly
      47.prov dropped and 62 obs not used

note: 59.prov omitted because of collinearity
Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -229.66426  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -219.73888  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -205.68197  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -195.21735  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -194.63793  
Iteration 5:   log pseudolikelihood = -194.63186  
Iteration 6:   log pseudolikelihood = -194.63186  

Logistic regression                             Number of obs     =        966
                                                Wald chi2(19)     =      48.19
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0002
Log pseudolikelihood = -194.63186               Pseudo R2         =     0.1525

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                           |               Robust
                   abstain | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
          hostile_rescale2 |   .8269549   .4897793    -0.32   0.748     .2590252    2.640107
                           |
                    gender |
         female candidate  |   .5115977   .5872522    -0.58   0.559     .0539327     4.85294
                           |
 gender#c.hostile_rescale2 |
         female candidate  |   1.515015   1.598022     0.39   0.694     .1916809    11.97444
                           |
                    female |
                    women  |   .6030981   .2283354    -1.34   0.182     .2871572    1.266649
                           |
                      educ |
                Secondary  |    1.50229   1.511706     0.40   0.686     .2090341    10.79669
                 Techical  |   .9381209   .8922413    -0.07   0.946     .1454407    6.051063
               University  |   .7481783   .6960279    -0.31   0.755     .1208189    4.633138
                           |
                 pes19_age |   .9616001   .0113246    -3.32   0.001     .9396585    .9840541
                           |
                employment |
             In paid work  |   .3646397   .2007777    -1.83   0.067     .1239298    1.072882
                  Retired  |    .307308   .2009334    -1.80   0.071     .0853131    1.106961
                  Student  |   6.813812   6.751839     1.94   0.053     .9770808    47.51709
                           |
                  distance |   2.035536   3.163131     0.46   0.647     .0968166    42.79643
                           |
                 incumbent |
            Non-incumbent  |   1.496101   .7930748     0.76   0.447      .529351     4.22842
                   1.union |   .7855028   .4649284    -0.41   0.683     .2462256    2.505892
                           |
                      prov |
Newfoundland and Labrador  |          1  (empty)
                      PEI  |          1  (empty)
              Nova Scotia  |   .8190048   1.034894    -0.16   0.874      .068819    9.746856
            New Brunswick  |          1  (empty)
                   Quebec  |    .897905   .5460124    -0.18   0.859      .272658    2.956941
                  Ontario  |   .7457205   .3579683    -0.61   0.541     .2910541    1.910638
                 Manitoba  |   1.161408   .9165028     0.19   0.850     .2473292    5.453737
             Saskatchewan  |          1  (empty)
                  Alberta  |    .559716   .3658541    -0.89   0.375     .1554484    2.015343
         British Columbia  |          1  (omitted)
                           |
                     _cons |   1.510082   2.427615     0.26   0.798     .0646554    35.26923
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Robustness checks\party turnout Canada.doc", merge se or ctitles("" 
> "c. Conservative identifiers") starlevels (10 5 1)

            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                           c. Liberal identifiers  c. Conservative identifiers 
            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             hostile_rescale2                      3.209                      0.827            
                                                  (2.042)*                   (0.490)           
             1.gender                              2.283                      0.512            
                                                  (1.655)                    (0.587)           
             1.gender#c.hostile_rescale2           0.313                      1.515            
                                                  (0.223)                    (1.598)           
             1.female                              1.822                      0.603            
                                                  (0.798)                    (0.228)           
             2bn.educ                              1.268                      1.502            
                                                  (1.291)                    (1.512)           
             3.educ                                1.367                      0.938            
                                                  (1.302)                    (0.892)           
             4.educ                                0.733                      0.748            
                                                  (0.699)                    (0.696)           
             pes19_age                             0.952                      0.962            
                                                 (0.016)***                (0.011)***          
             1bn.employment                        0.572                      0.365            
                                                  (0.275)                   (0.201)*           
             2.employment                          1.094                      0.307            
                                                  (0.698)                   (0.201)*           
             distance                             307.180                     2.036            
                                                (868.275)**                  (3.163)           
             2.incumbent                           1.300                      1.496            
                                                  (0.549)                    (0.793)           
             1.union                               0.533                      0.786            
                                                  (0.294)                    (0.465)           
             13bn.prov                             0.513                                       
                                                  (0.789)                                      
             24.prov                               0.416                      0.898            
                                                  (0.505)                    (0.546)           
             35.prov                               1.619                      0.746            
                                                  (1.801)                    (0.358)           
             46.prov                               1.519                      1.161            
                                                  (2.057)                    (0.917)           
             47.prov                               0.059                                       
                                                  (0.100)*                                     
             48.prov                               0.107                      0.560            
                                                  (0.167)                    (0.366)           
             59.prov                               0.492                                       
                                                  (0.587)                                      
             3.employment                                                     6.814            
                                                                            (6.752)*           
             12bn.prov                                                        0.819            
                                                                             (1.035)           
             N                                     1,203                       966             
            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. 
. ** Robustness - using "women seek to gain power by getting control over men"
. logit abstain c.control##i.gender i.female i.educ c.pes19_age i.employment c.distance i.incumbent ///
>         i.union i.prov [pw=pes19_weight_general_all] if sample_races==1 & copartisan == 1, or

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -732.85084  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -686.43735  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -677.79116  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -677.70612  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood =  -677.7058  
Iteration 5:   log pseudolikelihood =  -677.7058  

Logistic regression                             Number of obs     =      3,177
                                                Wald chi2(23)     =      64.23
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood =  -677.7058               Pseudo R2         =     0.0752

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  |               Robust
          abstain | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
          control |   1.198298   .1328341     1.63   0.103     .9642891    1.489095
                  |
           gender |
female candidate  |   .8279173   .1860442    -0.84   0.401     .5329794    1.286067
                  |
 gender#c.control |
female candidate  |   .8629673   .1396484    -0.91   0.362     .6284199    1.185056
                  |
           female |
           women  |   .7298834   .1651281    -1.39   0.164     .4684664    1.137178
                  |
             educ |
       Secondary  |   1.002505   .5098408     0.00   0.996     .3699929     2.71631
        Techical  |   .9065326   .4273033    -0.21   0.835     .3598827    2.283526
      University  |   .6278651   .2932406    -1.00   0.319     .2513725    1.568248
                  |
        pes19_age |   .9630886   .0093021    -3.89   0.000     .9450284    .9814939
                  |
       employment |
    In paid work  |   .5710895   .1834967    -1.74   0.081     .3042318    1.072022
         Retired  |    .790088   .3040094    -0.61   0.540     .3716643    1.679578
         Student  |   .4724733   .3260021    -1.09   0.277     .1221958    1.826831
                  |
         distance |   1.341113    1.07815     0.37   0.715     .2774378    6.482836
                  |
        incumbent |
   Non-incumbent  |   1.266052   .3282669     0.91   0.363     .7616381    2.104527
          1.union |    .892438   .2697479    -0.38   0.707      .493508    1.613845
                  |
             prov |
             PEI  |   2.621829   3.201777     0.79   0.430     .2393962    28.71385
     Nova Scotia  |   1.038991   .9792882     0.04   0.968     .1638033    6.590239
   New Brunswick  |   .4447001   .4662159    -0.77   0.440     .0569747     3.47098
          Quebec  |   1.052041   .8151233     0.07   0.948     .2304199    4.803361
         Ontario  |   1.685322   1.236439     0.71   0.477     .4001269    7.098525
        Manitoba  |   2.246827   1.801808     1.01   0.313     .4666186    10.81876
    Saskatchewan  |   .2376542   .2257997    -1.51   0.130      .036915    1.529988
         Alberta  |   .8198287   .6484412    -0.25   0.802     .1739673     3.86348
British Columbia  |   1.775148   1.341411     0.76   0.448     .4036587    7.806472
                  |
            _cons |   .5896204   .6560158    -0.47   0.635      .066607    5.219457
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Robustness checks\control turnout Canada.doc", replace se or ctitles
> ("", "Abstention") starlevels (10 5 1)

                                     ----------------------------------
                                                           Abstention 
                                     ----------------------------------
                                      control                1.198    
                                                            (0.133)   
                                      1.gender               0.828    
                                                            (0.186)   
                                      1.gender#c.control     0.863    
                                                            (0.140)   
                                      1.female               0.730    
                                                            (0.165)   
                                      2bn.educ               1.003    
                                                            (0.510)   
                                      3.educ                 0.907    
                                                            (0.427)   
                                      4.educ                 0.628    
                                                            (0.293)   
                                      pes19_age              0.963    
                                                           (0.009)*** 
                                      1bn.employment         0.571    
                                                            (0.183)*  
                                      2.employment           0.790    
                                                            (0.304)   
                                      3.employment           0.472    
                                                            (0.326)   
                                      distance               1.341    
                                                            (1.078)   
                                      2.incumbent            1.266    
                                                            (0.328)   
                                      1.union                0.892    
                                                            (0.270)   
                                      11bn.prov              2.622    
                                                            (3.202)   
                                      12.prov                1.039    
                                                            (0.979)   
                                      13.prov                0.445    
                                                            (0.466)   
                                      24.prov                1.052    
                                                            (0.815)   
                                      35.prov                1.685    
                                                            (1.236)   
                                      46.prov                2.247    
                                                            (1.802)   
                                      47.prov                0.238    
                                                            (0.226)   
                                      48.prov                0.820    
                                                            (0.648)   
                                      59.prov                1.775    
                                                            (1.341)   
                                      N                      3,177    
                                     ----------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. 
. ** Robustness - benevolent sexism
. logit abstain c.benevolent_rescale2##i.gender i.female i.educ c.pes19_age i.employment c.distance i.incumbe
> nt ///
>         i.union i.prov [pw=pes19_weight_general_all] if sample_races==1 & copartisan == 1, or

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -743.88813  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -698.83456  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -691.06004  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -690.98121  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -690.98094  
Iteration 5:   log pseudolikelihood = -690.98094  

Logistic regression                             Number of obs     =      3,204
                                                Wald chi2(23)     =      62.51
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -690.98094               Pseudo R2         =     0.0711

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                             |               Robust
                     abstain | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
         benevolent_rescale2 |   1.108403   .2975514     0.38   0.701      .654926    1.875872
                             |
                      gender |
           female candidate  |   1.005202   .4413565     0.01   0.991     .4251228    2.376799
                             |
gender#c.benevolent_rescale2 |
           female candidate  |   .8493271   .3495363    -0.40   0.691     .3791118    1.902754
                             |
                      female |
                      women  |   .6963152    .149938    -1.68   0.093     .4565792    1.061929
                             |
                        educ |
                  Secondary  |   .9956249   .4978574    -0.01   0.993     .3736428    2.652986
                   Techical  |   .8569007    .399986    -0.33   0.741     .3432454    2.139224
                 University  |   .5730954   .2633798    -1.21   0.226     .2328288    1.410643
                             |
                   pes19_age |   .9636039   .0091119    -3.92   0.000     .9459095    .9816294
                             |
                  employment |
               In paid work  |    .586676   .1874575    -1.67   0.095     .3136306    1.097434
                    Retired  |   .8111123   .3073144    -0.55   0.581     .3859913    1.704451
                    Student  |   .4743553   .3351119    -1.06   0.291     .1187862    1.894268
                             |
                    distance |   1.304078   1.028413     0.34   0.736     .2779934    6.117478
                             |
                   incumbent |
              Non-incumbent  |   1.336857   .3424328     1.13   0.257     .8091919    2.208606
                     1.union |   .8698895   .2628631    -0.46   0.645     .4811141    1.572824
                             |
                        prov |
                        PEI  |   2.635038   3.252693     0.78   0.433     .2344569    29.61493
                Nova Scotia  |   1.026827   .9745339     0.03   0.978      .159825    6.597051
              New Brunswick  |   .4477484   .4720189    -0.76   0.446     .0567143    3.534887
                     Quebec  |   1.086627   .8550784     0.11   0.916     .2324131    5.080426
                    Ontario  |    1.79587   1.336533     0.79   0.431     .4176272    7.722559
                   Manitoba  |   2.302685   1.862167     1.03   0.302     .4719249    11.23559
               Saskatchewan  |   .2409457   .2288705    -1.50   0.134     .0374435    1.550465
                    Alberta  |   .8333249   .6669043    -0.23   0.820     .1736215     3.99968
           British Columbia  |   1.729747   1.330908     0.71   0.476     .3828672    7.814785
                             |
                       _cons |   .4904183   .5744543    -0.61   0.543      .049375    4.871092
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Robustness checks\benevolent turnout Canada.doc", replace se or ctit
> les("", "Abstention") starlevels (10 5 1)

                               ----------------------------------------------
                                                                 Abstention 
                               ----------------------------------------------
                                benevolent_rescale2                1.108    
                                                                  (0.298)   
                                1.gender                           1.005    
                                                                  (0.441)   
                                1.gender#c.benevolent_rescale2     0.849    
                                                                  (0.350)   
                                1.female                           0.696    
                                                                  (0.150)*  
                                2bn.educ                           0.996    
                                                                  (0.498)   
                                3.educ                             0.857    
                                                                  (0.400)   
                                4.educ                             0.573    
                                                                  (0.263)   
                                pes19_age                          0.964    
                                                                 (0.009)*** 
                                1bn.employment                     0.587    
                                                                  (0.187)*  
                                2.employment                       0.811    
                                                                  (0.307)   
                                3.employment                       0.474    
                                                                  (0.335)   
                                distance                           1.304    
                                                                  (1.028)   
                                2.incumbent                        1.337    
                                                                  (0.342)   
                                1.union                            0.870    
                                                                  (0.263)   
                                11bn.prov                          2.635    
                                                                  (3.253)   
                                12.prov                            1.027    
                                                                  (0.975)   
                                13.prov                            0.448    
                                                                  (0.472)   
                                24.prov                            1.087    
                                                                  (0.855)   
                                35.prov                            1.796    
                                                                  (1.337)   
                                46.prov                            2.303    
                                                                  (1.862)   
                                47.prov                            0.241    
                                                                  (0.229)   
                                48.prov                            0.833    
                                                                  (0.667)   
                                59.prov                            1.730    
                                                                  (1.331)   
                                N                                  3,204    
                               ----------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. 
. ** Vote share control
. logit abstain c.hostile_rescale2##i.gender i.female i.educ c.pes19_age i.employment c.share i.incumbent ///
>         i.union i.prov [pw=pes19_weight_general_all] if sample_races==1 & copartisan == 1, or

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -744.42737  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -696.08217  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -686.81453  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -686.71945  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -686.71906  
Iteration 5:   log pseudolikelihood = -686.71906  

Logistic regression                             Number of obs     =      3,209
                                                Wald chi2(23)     =      65.87
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -686.71906               Pseudo R2         =     0.0775

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                          |               Robust
                  abstain | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
         hostile_rescale2 |   1.862741   .5795571     2.00   0.046     1.012318    3.427582
                          |
                   gender |
        female candidate  |   1.544009   .6164928     1.09   0.277     .7059624    3.376899
                          |
gender#c.hostile_rescale2 |
        female candidate  |   .5005178   .2072272    -1.67   0.095     .2223311    1.126779
                          |
                   female |
                   women  |   .7684585   .1721897    -1.18   0.240     .4953251    1.192204
                          |
                     educ |
               Secondary  |   1.041188   .5245108     0.08   0.936      .387906     2.79468
                Techical  |    .930242   .4314027    -0.16   0.876     .3748423    2.308572
              University  |   .6534961   .2991846    -0.93   0.353     .2664063    1.603029
                          |
                pes19_age |   .9643228   .0091299    -3.84   0.000     .9465935    .9823841
                          |
               employment |
            In paid work  |    .594119   .1964203    -1.57   0.115     .3107847    1.135762
                 Retired  |   .8387491   .3240377    -0.46   0.649      .393354    1.788466
                 Student  |   .4607902   .3181876    -1.12   0.262     .1190492    1.783528
                          |
                    share |   .9937917   .0069865    -0.89   0.376     .9801923     1.00758
                          |
                incumbent |
           Non-incumbent  |   1.200978   .3204133     0.69   0.492     .7119343    2.025957
                  1.union |   .8523401   .2562557    -0.53   0.595      .472824    1.536478
                          |
                     prov |
                     PEI  |   2.265921   2.758154     0.67   0.502     .2085135    24.62382
             Nova Scotia  |   1.044817   .9798165     0.05   0.963     .1662622    6.565785
           New Brunswick  |   .3826453   .3953581    -0.93   0.352     .0505028    2.899197
                  Quebec  |   .9397072   .6848178    -0.09   0.932     .2252547    3.920228
                 Ontario  |   1.618899   1.123829     0.69   0.488     .4152612    6.311294
                Manitoba  |   2.162873   1.694802     0.98   0.325     .4656286    10.04668
            Saskatchewan  |   .2180732   .2025102    -1.64   0.101     .0353303    1.346037
                 Alberta  |   .8094358   .6261867    -0.27   0.785     .1776991    3.687054
        British Columbia  |   1.568132   1.140775     0.62   0.536     .3768392    6.525432
                          |
                    _cons |   .3999139   .4605205    -0.80   0.426     .0418568    3.820911
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Robustness checks\vote share control turnout Canada.doc", replace se
>  or ctitles("", "Abstention") starlevels (10 5 1)

                                 -------------------------------------------
                                                                Abstention 
                                 -------------------------------------------
                                  hostile_rescale2                1.863    
                                                                (0.580)**  
                                  1.gender                        1.544    
                                                                 (0.616)   
                                  1.gender#c.hostile_rescale2     0.501    
                                                                 (0.207)*  
                                  1.female                        0.768    
                                                                 (0.172)   
                                  2bn.educ                        1.041    
                                                                 (0.525)   
                                  3.educ                          0.930    
                                                                 (0.431)   
                                  4.educ                          0.653    
                                                                 (0.299)   
                                  pes19_age                       0.964    
                                                                (0.009)*** 
                                  1bn.employment                  0.594    
                                                                 (0.196)   
                                  2.employment                    0.839    
                                                                 (0.324)   
                                  3.employment                    0.461    
                                                                 (0.318)   
                                  share                           0.994    
                                                                 (0.007)   
                                  2.incumbent                     1.201    
                                                                 (0.320)   
                                  1.union                         0.852    
                                                                 (0.256)   
                                  11bn.prov                       2.266    
                                                                 (2.758)   
                                  12.prov                         1.045    
                                                                 (0.980)   
                                  13.prov                         0.383    
                                                                 (0.395)   
                                  24.prov                         0.940    
                                                                 (0.685)   
                                  35.prov                         1.619    
                                                                 (1.124)   
                                  46.prov                         2.163    
                                                                 (1.695)   
                                  47.prov                         0.218    
                                                                 (0.203)   
                                  48.prov                         0.809    
                                                                 (0.626)   
                                  59.prov                         1.568    
                                                                 (1.141)   
                                  N                               3,209    
                                 -------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. 
. 
. use "Data\Canada_data_recoded.dta", clear 
( )

. 
. ** 80% turnout in the weighted sample
. ** Abstainers
. gen abstain=1 if voted==0
(39,164 missing values generated)

. replace abstain=0 if voted==1
(38,979 real changes made)

. 
. 
. ** Abstainers versus voters on sexism
. collapse abstain hostile_rescale [iw=pes19_weight_general_all], by(pes19_ResponseId)

. drop if hostile_rescale==.
(5,022 observations deleted)

. 
. gen nothostile=1 if hostile_rescale<0
(2,011 missing values generated)

. replace nothostile=0 if hostile_rescale>=0
(2,011 real changes made)

. gen hostile2=1 if hostile_rescale>0
(4,008 missing values generated)

. replace hostile2=0 if hostile_rescale<=0
(4,008 real changes made)

. 
. tab abstain hostile2, row

+----------------+
| Key            |
|----------------|
|   frequency    |
| row percentage |
+----------------+

    (mean) |       hostile2
   abstain |         0          1 |     Total
-----------+----------------------+----------
         0 |     3,736      1,049 |     4,785 
           |     78.08      21.92 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
         1 |       256        109 |       365 
           |     70.14      29.86 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
     Total |     3,992      1,158 |     5,150 
           |     77.51      22.49 |    100.00 


. tab abstain nothostile, row

+----------------+
| Key            |
|----------------|
|   frequency    |
| row percentage |
+----------------+

    (mean) |      nothostile
   abstain |         0          1 |     Total
-----------+----------------------+----------
         0 |     1,817      2,968 |     4,785 
           |     37.97      62.03 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
         1 |       184        181 |       365 
           |     50.41      49.59 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
     Total |     2,001      3,149 |     5,150 
           |     38.85      61.15 |    100.00 


. 
. log close
      name:  <unnamed>
       log:  C:\Users\a15014rs\Dropbox\Sexism and Candidates\Analysis\BJPS replication files\Canada_log_file.
> log
  log type:  text
 closed on:  20 Mar 2025, 11:24:26
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
